Random Words/Terms Review of First Aid

[MudPhud20XX]

Hi all, as most of us are approaching to their dedicated study period for step 1, I thought I would start a thread to boost our memorization of First Aid. I am not one of those smart folks with good retention and I need some repetition and time to memorize. So if you guys happen to find some unfamiliar words/terms that strike you, just put those words in this thread and someone can add some explanation. How does this sound? So I will start. (Let's stick to First Aid .)

Cabergoline?

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[MudPhud20XX]

1. another name for "teardrop cell?"

2. pathologies that can be treated with "plasmapheresis?"

3. antibiotic that causes "serotonin syndrome?"

4. drug that inhibits "14 alpha demethylase?"

5. drug for "condyloma acuminatum?"

6. HIV drug to boost other drug conc?

7. HIV drug that causes "pancreatitis?"

8. 2 drugs that block "inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase?"

9. what removes RNA primer?

10. what is "spliceosomal snRNPs?"

11. rRNA degradation is blocked by what?

12. pathology you want to use "phenobarbital" and pathology you want to avoid using "phenobarbital?"

 

[W19]

1. pathologies associated with the description of "palisading?"

2. drug that can lead to "aplasia cutis congenita?"

3. drug that can lead to "phocomelia?"

4. pathology associated with "anal atresia to sirenomelia?"

5. pathology associated with "heart lung fistulas and holoprosencephaly?"

Never heard of that...lol

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. two acute phase reactants that are downregulated during inflammation?

2. two pathologies associated with "Heinz body?"

3. DOC for lead poisoning in kids?

4. what is "Burton line?"

5. acquired cause of sideroblastic anemia?

 

[MudPhud20XX]

Never heard of that...lol

its congenital absence of skin of a baby associated using methimazole by a pregnant woman (FA2015 page 560) : https://www.google.com/search?q=congenital+absence+of+skin&biw=1366&bih=681&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjFibjMn-zLAhXJ2B4KHXIVACQQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=aplasia+cutis+congenita&imgrc=HYbEW2Uy8IpNZM:

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. MI complication associated with "embolus from mural thrombus?"

2. type of blood transfusion therapy that contains fibrinogen, factor 13, vWF?

3. why does blood transfusion lead to "hypocalcemia?"

4. pathology associated with "recurrent otitis media" and "mass in mastoid bone?"

5. DOC for hairy cell leukemia?

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. pathology associated with impaired GPI anchor synthesis and increased incidence of acute leukemia?

2. causes for "eosinopenia?"

3. pathology associated with "avascular necrosis due to retrograde blood supply?"

4. what bone's fracture can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome?

5. what fracture can lead to ulnar nerve injury?

6. pathology associated with an adult working at ammunition/radiator factory?

 

[zhopv10]

1. MI complication associated with "embolus from mural thrombus?"

2. type of blood transfusion therapy that contains fibrinogen, factor 13, vWF?

3. why does blood transfusion lead to "hypocalcemia?"

4. pathology associated with "recurrent otitis media" and "mass in mastoid bone?"

5. DOC for hairy cell leukemia?

#3 the citrate combines with the ca2+


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[MudPhud20XX]

#3 the citrate combines with the ca2+


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btw, where does the citrate come from? from the blood?

 

[zhopv10]

1. pathology associated with impaired GPI anchor synthesis and increased incidence of acute leukemia?

2. causes for "eosinopenia?"

3. pathology associated with "avascular necrosis due to retrograde blood supply?"

4. what bone's fracture can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome?

5. what fracture can lead to ulnar nerve injury?

6. pathology associated with an adult working at ammunition/radiator factory?

#1 PNH
#3 fracture of the lunate, I seem to remember something about the neck of the humerus too.
#4 dislocation of the lunate anteriorly
#5 hook of hamate?
#6 that Monday morning thing that has something to do with nitrates? Only vaguely remember something about that



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[zhopv10]

btw, where does the citrate come from? from the blood?

It is added to the blood as an anticoagulant (idk the mechanism of that)


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[zhopv10]

1. MI complication associated with "embolus from mural thrombus?"

2. type of blood transfusion therapy that contains fibrinogen, factor 13, vWF?

3. why does blood transfusion lead to "hypocalcemia?"

4. pathology associated with "recurrent otitis media" and "mass in mastoid bone?"

5. DOC for hairy cell leukemia?

#2 is cryoprecipitate


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[zhopv10]

1. two acute phase reactants that are downregulated during inflammation?

2. two pathologies associated with "Heinz body?"

3. DOC for lead poisoning in kids?

4. what is "Burton line?"

5. acquired cause of sideroblastic anemia?

1. Transferrin, albumin
2. NADPH def and G6PD, (also chronic liver dz alpha thalassemia this one is a bit of a stretch IMO but w/e)
3. Succimer
4. That is the thin blue line pts get w chronic lead poisoning
#5 EtOH?


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[BlueArc]

syndrome commonly seen in cyclists ?

 

[BlueArc]

1. what type of bone formation is associated with "bones of calvarium and facial bones?" membranous ossification

2. what induces apoptosis in "bone-resorbing osteoclasts?" estrogen

3. bone pathologies associated with "diaphysis?" ewings sarcoma, osteoid osteoma, myeloma, fibrous dysplasia

4. pathology associated with "perimysial inflammation?" dermatomyositis

5. pathology associated with "rhinophyma?" rosacea

6. pathology associated with "degmacyte?" G6PD deficiency

7. parasite that does antigenic variation? Trypanosoma brucei

8. another name for "helminthotoxin?" major basic protein

9. type of cell that secrets "heparin?" Basophil

10. type of RBC that is associated with "megaloblastic anemia and marrow failure? Macro-ovalocyte

 

[BlueArc]

1. another name for "teardrop cell?" dacrocyte

2. pathologies that can be treated with "plasmapheresis?" Thrombotict hrombocytopenic purpura, Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, crescentic glomerulonephritis, Crigler-Najjar

3. antibiotic that causes "serotonin syndrome?" linezolid-- can also be caused by ecstasy , tramadol, Dextromethorphan

4. drug that inhibits "14 alpha demethylase?" azoles

5. drug for "condyloma acuminatum?" interferon alpha

6. HIV drug to boost other drug conc? Ritonavir

7. HIV drug that causes "pancreatitis?" didanosine

8. 2 drugs that block "inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase?" Mycophenolate, ribavirin

 

[Postictal Raiden]

1. Transferrin, albumin
2. NADPH def and G6PD, (also chronic liver dz alpha thalassemia this one is a bit of a stretch IMO but w/e)
3. Succimer
4. That is the thin blue line pts get w chronic lead poisoning
#5 EtOH?


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I think Isoniazid causes sideroblastic anemia by antagonizing the enzyme that activates vitamin B6, which is needed for heme synthesis

 

[MudPhud20XX]

#1 PNH
#3 fracture of the lunate, I seem to remember something about the neck of the humerus too.
#4 dislocation of the lunate anteriorly
#5 hook of hamate?
#6 that Monday morning thing that has something to do with nitrates? Only vaguely remember something about that



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6. lead poisoning

 

[zhopv10]

6. lead poisoning

Mmm ok that makes more sense. The amount of holes this thread exposes in my understanding is scary, and awesome since they get answered haha


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[zhopv10]

I think Isoniazid causes sideroblastic anemia by antagonizing the enzyme that activates vitamin B6, which is needed for heme synthesis

That is correct but I believe he was asking for the most common? I certainly could be wrong but I thought the heavier alcohol use might be more common than isoniazid use (at least in the US...)


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[MudPhud20XX]

1. Transferrin, albumin
2. NADPH def and G6PD, (also chronic liver dz alpha thalassemia this one is a bit of a stretch IMO but w/e)
3. Succimer
4. That is the thin blue line pts get w chronic lead poisoning
#5 EtOH?


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5. so FA explains the causes for sideroblastic anemia are either genetic or acquired (myelodysplastic syndromes). Alcohol is considered as "reversible" cause.

 

[MudPhud20XX]

syndrome commonly seen in cyclists ?

2' polycythemia vera due to inc EPO injection?

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. MI complication associated with "embolus from mural thrombus?"

2. two pathologies associated with "heinz body?"

3. why does blood transfusion lead to "hypocalcemia?"

4. pathology associated with "recurrent otitis media" and "mass in mastoid bone?"

5. DOC for hairy cell leukemia?

 

[zhopv10]

5. so FA explains the causes for sideroblastic anemia are either genetic or acquired (myelodysplastic syndromes). Alcohol is considered as "reversible" cause.

Hmm interesting that it separates acquired from reversible in my mind but good to know!


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[MudPhud20XX]

1. pathology associated with "polypoid capillary?"

2. pathology associated with "vinyl chloride" and "arsenic" exposure?

3. benign capillary tumor for old people?

4. pathology associated with "pipestem" appearance on x-ray?

5. what type of aortic dissection is treated with drugs?

6. 2 drugs associated with coronary steal syndrome?

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. pathology associated with "wickham striae?"

2. beta blocker that causes "dyslipidemia?"

3. two partial beta blockers?

 

[BlueArc]

2' polycythemia vera due to inc EPO injection?

I had guyons canal syndrome in mind, but that also applies.

 

[chillaxbro]

I had guyons canal syndrome in mind, but that also applies.

There's also pudendal nerve impingement

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. normal tissue in a foreign location?

2. denosumab mimics what?

3. cyanide, CO block what complex?

4. pathology associated with "nevus flammeus?"

5. enoxaparin binds to what?

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm?

2. risk factors for thoracic aortic aneurysm?

3. vascular neoplasm associated with "von Hippel-Lindau dz?"

4. vascular tumor for old people?

5. vascular tumor for baby?

6. skin tumor associated with red blue tumor under fingernail?

 

[BlueArc]

1. normal tissue in a foreign location?

2. denosumab mimics what?

3. cyanide, CO block what complex?

4. pathology associated with "nevus flammeus?"

5. enoxaparin binds to what?

1- choristoma , like in endrometriosis

2-osteoprotegerin

3- complex IV

4- Sturge-Weber syndrome

5- ?

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. triggers for prinzmetal?

2. pathology associated with "T-wave inversion?"

3. conditions that increase pulse pressure?

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1- choristoma , like in endrometriosis

2-osteoprotegerin

3- complex IV

4- Sturge-Weber syndrome

5- ?

5. enoxaparin binds to antithrombin III (I got confused b/c it contains "xa" thought it binds to Xa, but that's not the case.)

 

[W19]

1. risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm?

2. risk factors for thoracic aortic aneurysm?

3. vascular neoplasm associated with "von Hippel-Lindau dz?"

4. vascular tumor for old people?

5. vascular tumor for baby?

6. skin tumor associated with red blue tumor under fingernail?

#3 Hemangioblastoma

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. drugs that cause "osteoporosis?"

2. ST elevation/Q waves in lead I, aVL, location of MI?

3. MI complication associated with "dyskinesia?"

4. CK-MB returns back to normal after ? hours?

5. most common valvular lesion?

6. pathology associated with "sandfly?"

7. another name for "kissing bug?"

8. pathology associated with "brachial femoral delay?"

9. most common cause of early childhood cyanosis?

10. heart sound for dilated cardiomyopathy?

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. skin disorder associated with Crohns dz?

2. pathology associated with "psychosine?"

3. another name for "hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy?"

4. frequency of absence seizure?

5. cardiac path associated with "Friedreich ataxia?"

6. pathology associated with "DMPK gene?"

7. all the pathologies in FA associated with "testicular atrophy?"

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. pathologies treated with "octreotide?"

2. cardiac pathologies associated with "multiple synopal episodes?"

3. path associated with "alpha synuclein defect?"

4. path associated with "delayed horizontal nystagmus?"

5. path associated with "immediate nystagmus?"

6. path associated with increase incidence of "astrocytomas and ungual fibromas?"

7. path associated with "angiofibromas?"

 

[chillaxbro]

5. enoxaparin binds to antithrombin III (I got confused b/c it contains "xa" thought it binds to Xa, but that's not the case.)

Enoxa -parin for heparin

 

[worldbeater]

Some of the stuff listed on this thread is so random, hence the name of the title, lol..I'll freestyle what I can recall

1. pathologies treated with "octreotide?"

Carcinoid syndrome - starts in appendix, metastasizes to pancreas and ileum (World Q), uses up serotonin and tryptophan, urine will present with breakdown product of serotonin - 5-HIAA. Presents with flushing, wheezing, diarrhea ("FDR")

1. skin disorder associated with Crohns dz?

Some type of fistula leaking through the skin? There was a World question about this. Crohn's is associated with granulomas, ileum, fistulas, transumural inflammation, skin lesions ("GIFTS")

5. path associated with "immediate nystagmus?"

Amphetamines? I am guessing here, I know this is a classic clue for some type of drug overdose.

2. ST elevation/Q waves in lead I, aVL, location of MI?

Your looking at the left atrium with those lead locations, that is supplied by left circumflex artery. ST elevation means it's 70% stenosed I think, Q waves represent the septum?

4. CK-MB returns back to normal after ? hours?

I'll do the full list:
Troponin I shows up at 2 hours, peaks at 2 days, disappears at 7 days
CK-MB shows up at 6 hours, peaks at 12 hours disappears at 2 days
LDH shows up at 1 day, peaks at 2 days, disappears at 3 days

World Question will ask why you don't check Troponin I twice in 1 week (it takes 7 days to disappear, you will think patient is having 2nd MI)

10. heart sound for dilated cardiomyopathy?

S3, due to too much blood in the left ventricle

5. enoxaparin binds to antithrombin III (I got confused b/c it contains "xa" thought it binds to Xa, but that's not the case.)

I wrote this in a thread earlier today, X inhibitors end in "ban", so think about it as "ban the X". Enoxparin is a low molecular weight heparin; heparin's MOA is on antithrombin III

3- complex IV

Carbon monoxide, Cyanaide, also Chloramphenicol (MOA: acts on 50s subunit), "blasts bone marrow" (World Q). All Complex IV inhibitors start with "C", easy enough to remember

1. risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm?

Hypertension 1st, Arteriosclerosis 2nd.

6. skin tumor associated with red blue tumor under fingernail?

Don't remember the name, but affects thermoregulation (World Q)

2. denosumab mimics what?

Not what your asking for, but it's a monoclonal antibody (-"mab") that acts on TNF-alpha

2. two pathologies associated with "heinz body?"

G6PD?

6. lead poisoning

I don't think it's lead poisoning, that has nothing to do with nitrates. Nitrates is found more in smoked meats or smoking, that would be something a person would binge on over the weekend.

5. DOC for hairy cell leukemia?

Clathribrine (spelling?) "Claire's hairy trap"

1. another name for "teardrop cell?" dacrocyte

This is squeezed out from the bone marrow, easy to picture.

 

[Pushtothestars]

1. pathologies treated with "octreotide?"

2. cardiac pathologies associated with "multiple synopal episodes?"

3. path associated with "alpha synuclein defect?"

4. path associated with "delayed horizontal nystagmus?"

5. path associated with "immediate nystagmus?"

6. path associated with increase incidence of "astrocytomas and ungual fibromas?"

7. path associated with "angiofibromas?"

Could u plsss start posting the answers maybe a day later with a reply to the original post by any chance.. it's hard catching up with other responses

 

[recycledpaper]

Doesn't CO bind to Hb?

Also, I believe denosumab binds RANKL (kind of mimics OPG in this regard).

 

[recycledpaper]

Painful tumor under the nail is a glomus tumor - derived from cells involved in thermoregulation.

 

[MudPhud20XX]

Some of the stuff listed on this thread is so random, hence the name of the title, lol..I'll freestyle what I can recall


Carcinoid syndrome - starts in appendix, metastasizes to pancreas and ileum (World Q), uses up serotonin and tryptophan, urine will present with breakdown product of serotonin - 5-HIAA. Presents with flushing, wheezing, diarrhea ("FDR")


Some type of fistula leaking through the skin? There was a World question about this. Crohn's is associated with granulomas, ileum, fistulas, transumural inflammation, skin lesions ("GIFTS")


Amphetamines? I am guessing here, I know this is a classic clue for some type of drug overdose.


Your looking at the left atrium with those lead locations, that is supplied by left circumflex artery. ST elevation means it's 70% stenosed I think, Q waves represent the septum?


I'll do the full list:
Troponin I shows up at 2 hours, peaks at 2 days, disappears at 7 days
CK-MB shows up at 6 hours, peaks at 12 hours disappears at 2 days
LDH shows up at 1 day, peaks at 2 days, disappears at 3 days

World Question will ask why you don't check Troponin I twice in 1 week (it takes 7 days to disappear, you will think patient is having 2nd MI)


S3, due to too much blood in the left ventricle


I wrote this in a thread earlier today, X inhibitors end in "ban", so think about it as "ban the X". Enoxparin is a low molecular weight heparin; heparin's MOA is on antithrombin III


Carbon monoxide, Cyanaide, also Chloramphenicol (MOA: acts on 50s subunit), "blasts bone marrow" (World Q). All Complex IV inhibitors start with "C", easy enough to remember


Hypertension 1st, Arteriosclerosis 2nd.


Don't remember the name, but affects thermoregulation (World Q)


Not what your asking for, but it's a monoclonal antibody (-"mab") that acts on TNF-alpha --> mimics osteoprotegerin


G6PD? and alpha thalassemia (severe one such as in 3 deletion, HbH)


I don't think it's lead poisoning, that has nothing to do with nitrates. Nitrates is found more in smoked meats or smoking, that would be something a person would binge on over the weekend.


Clathribrine (spelling?) "Claire's hairy trap" -->good job, it's Cladribine (2 CDA)


This is squeezed out from the bone marrow, easy to picture.

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. drugs that cause "osteoporosis?"

2. ST elevation/Q waves in lead I, aVL, location of MI?

3. MI complication associated with "dyskinesia?"

4. CK-MB returns back to normal after ? hours?

5. most common valvular lesion?

6. pathology associated with "sandfly?"

7. another name for "kissing bug?"

8. pathology associated with "brachial femoral delay?"

9. most common cause of early childhood cyanosis?

10. heart sound for dilated cardiomyopathy?

So here are the answers:

1. heparin, steroids
2. lateral (Lt. circumflex a.)
3. true ventricular aneurysm
4. 48 hurs
5. MVP
6. Leishmania donovani causing "Visceral lesihmaniasis (Kala-azar: spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia)
7. kisssing = Reduviid bug --> T. cruzi causing Chagas dz
8. coarctation of aorta (brachial femoral delay: weak, delayed pulse in lower extremities)
9. TOF
10. S3

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. pathology associated with "bulbous deformation of nose?"

2. pathology associated with "Christmas tree distribution?"

3. Three other terms that can be associated with "precision?"

4. Triple blind refers to ?

5. what is "Quaternary prevention?"

6. cooperative play starts at what age?

7. pathologies associated with "holoprosencephaly?"

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. pathology associated with "high rates of gallbladder carcinoma?"

2. pathology associated with "basket-weave" appearance?

3. pathology associated with "subepithelial immune complex?"

4. pathology associated with "subendothelial deposition?"

5. beta blocker that causes "dyslipidema?"

6. drug that can cause "compensatory tachycardia" thus contraindicated to angina/CAD?

7. two beta blockers contraindicated in angina?

8. pathology associated with "holiday heart?"

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. medications for "hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?"

2. pathology associated with "headaches, dizziness, inc risk of aneurysm/rupture of intracranial arteries?"

3. what is also known as "chylothorax?"

4. pathology associated with "PDA and necrotizing enterocolitis?"

5. gene associated with segmental organization of embryo in a craniocaudal direction?

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. DOC for prophylaxis TB?

2. pathologies associated with "erythema nodosum?"

3. pathology associated with "Schaumann bodies?"

4. pathology associated with "Hyperplasia of mucus-secreting glands?"

5. pathology associated with "curschmann spirals?"

6. pathology associated with "bronchopulmonary dyslplasia?"

 

[ShirleyXia]

1. DOC for prophylaxis TB? INH

2. pathologies associated with "erythema nodosum?" Subcutaneous fat inflammation. Usually idiopathic, also seen in strep B infection, TB, Leprosy, IBD, sarcoidosis. It is different from subcutaneous nodules in Rheumatic fever, right?

3. pathology associated with "Schaumann bodies?" Sarcoidosis

4. pathology associated with "Hyperplasia of mucus-secreting glands?" Chronic bronchitis

5. pathology associated with "curschmann spirals?" Asthma

6. pathology associated with "bronchopulmonary dyslplasia?" NRDS

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. pathology associated with "ferruginous bodies?"

2. pathology associated with "ALK" gene?

3. pathology associated with "hypertrophic osteoarthropathy?"

4. pathology associated with "noncalcified nodule on CT?"

5. lung pathology associated with "caviation?"

6. kidney dz associated with "congenital hepatic fibrosis?"

 

[MudPhud20XX]

1. DOC for prophylaxis TB? INH

2. pathologies associated with "erythema nodosum?" Subcutaneous fat inflammation. Usually idiopathic, also seen in strep B infection, TB, Leprosy, IBD, sarcoidosis. It is different from subcutaneous nodules in Rheumatic fever, right?

3. pathology associated with "Schaumann bodies?" Sarcoidosis

4. pathology associated with "Hyperplasia of mucus-secreting glands?" Chronic bronchitis

5. pathology associated with "curschmann spirals?" Asthma

6. pathology associated with "bronchopulmonary dyslplasia?" NRDS

1. my bad, I should have been more specific about it. I meant to ask prophylaxis for M. avium intracellulare --> azythromycin

2. yes, EN is like a inflammatory process of fat tissues. (may be there is a little relevance though...)

3. also know the "asteroid bodies"