Let's try again, join me for study group NBDE I may/June 2010

[blissonearth]

Hi friends, let's continue the closed thread here. No promoting any materials here, just prop some in doubt questions as our exam is approaching fast.

---

Members don't see this ad.

 

[aathmashree]

wchich is wrong
1.b lymphocytes recognise ag on surface of ag presenting cells in context of hla-d molecule
2.t lymphocyes recognise ag on sutface of ag presenting cells in context of hla-b molecule..........


does b lymhpocytes require ag presenting cells,so i thgt tht is wrng
and t lympocytes tru agpcell ,thr mhc2 means HLA- ,D,,not HLA-b .rt
can any 1 tell me easy way 2 remember this concept.i always land up makng mistakes in this...............

 

[rose82]

i am 100% sure

can u pls tell me how u got the answers...
chronic hepatitis in Hep C..since it also has carcinoma.

@athmashree

i think it is gardners since we have retinal abnormality in that and not the other 2.

Regarding immunology q..T cells recognise an antigen and then activate B cell...im not sure abt HLA.For now i think the 1st option is wrong.Let me find out.

which is considered as fastest method of sterlisation
1.flash technique,or dry heat sterlisn


which syndrome causes increased susceptibility to infectn,n causes retinal abnormality
gardners syndrome
hypothyroidism
hypopitutarism
i tnk hypopitutrism.correct me


Correct me!!!

 

[teethie]

hi, acc. to kaplan, 50% cases of hep c always become chronic.
next will be carcinoma.
can you pl post what is the temp range and time required for flash sterilisation?

can u pls tell me how u got the answers...
chronic hepatitis in Hep C..since it also has carcinoma.

@athmashree

i think it is gardners since we have retinal abnormality in that and not the other 2.

Regarding immunology q..T cells recognise an antigen and then activate B cell...im not sure abt HLA.For now i think the 1st option is wrong.Let me find out.

which is considered as fastest method of sterlisation
1.flash technique,steam autoclave
or dry heat sterlisn


which syndrome causes increased susceptibility to infectn,n causes retinal abnormality
gardners syndrome
hypothyroidism
hypopitutarism
i tnk hypopitutrism.correct me


Correct me!!!

 

[rose82]

hey im sorry..i just looked up flash ster as i got a doubt in it..flash is the fastest.

132 C/275 F for 3 -10 min maximum.

sorry abt that!

 

[aathmashree]

hey im sorry..i just looked up flash ster as i got a doubt in it..flash is the fastest.

132 C/275 F for 3 -10 min maximum.

sorry abt that!

s even i saw the timings,but anywhere have they mentioned it as theeeeeeeee fastest technique.......,evrywhere they say as dry autoclave 6 min ,is this from decks or kaplan

 

[aathmashree]

most comon fingal infection in usa is
blastomycosis or aspergillosis

most common ht disease in us
coronary ht disease or mI
CORONARY RT.

 

[aathmashree]

BEST WAY 2 TRANSFER MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE
transduction or conjugation

plasmids r responsible 4 drug resistance ,but read this as conjugation tru R-factor ......... plz any 1 confirm this

 

[wdent]

@rose
which syndrome causes increased susceptibility to infectn,n causes retinal abnormality
gardners syndrome................... Not ture !!!! :/ canu confirm why ??? its doesnt mention nothin to do with retinal abnormality ?
hypothyroidism
hypopitutarism
i tnk hypopitutrism----i think this is the naswer since there will be Visual defects ,,Humm but @ the same time will it have effects on Retina!!
Can someone help here ...

 

[rose82]

is not dry heat sterilization 1-2 hours?

i think it is plasmids thru conjugation.

(transduction is by bacteriophage and process of infection)

 

[rose82]

@rose
which syndrome causes increased susceptibility to infectn,n causes retinal abnormality
gardners syndrome................... Not ture !!!! :/ canu confirm why ???
hypothyroidism
hypopitutarism
i tnk hypopitutrism.correct me

I remember someone in orkut long long time back confirmed this answer.Also i just checked now...if u see in wiki,retinal abnormality is seen in gardeners..not in hypothr or pit.

 

[wdent]

Ok ill check ,,oh my god i thought that iam done frm patho.. but it seems we miss things...
Anyway Rose i think ur rite go to wikipedia,, ull see that there will be Congenital hypertrophy of the retina ...SO UR ANSWER IS RITE !! the thing is that i studied this but its not mentioned in decks/or nbde ist aid..

we will go with ur answer ,,its true.

Thanks

 

[elmos]

can anyone explain please what is flash technique?
and from where is it?

 

[pb2007]

can anyone explain please what is flash technique?
and from where is it?

the steam autoclaves are made to operate in the following ranges
1] 121degree centigrade[250f]at a pressure of 15 pounds per square inch [psi]for 15 to 20 min

2] 134 degree celcius [270f]at a pressure of 30 psi for a minimum of 3 min [flash cycle]

you can read deck no 283 under infection control frm 09 -10 version in micro .
http://www.ucsfmedicalcenter.org/matserv/misc/trainin/Flash%20Sterilization.pdf

 

[pb2007]

can sumone confirm in what month the sex of the child is determined .
anatomy deck no 79 mentions 8th week .
is it 19 to 20 weeks coz usually sex is determined in 5th month .

 

[aathmashree]

which of follexplains y sal .amylase action contiues 4 sometimes after swallowing
1.gastric hcl increases digestive action of sal amylase
2.amylase inside bolus is protected from inactivating action of gastric hcl


function of lysosomes in steroid producing cells
digst cellular debris
2.hydrolyse spent cell organels
3.cleave ester frm cholesteralester 22 produce free cholesteral
4.remove xes steroid frm cells


wat type of necrosis common in alcoholics
thught coagulative aas coagulative common in kidney,liver,ht.is that true



which antimicrobial affect lipid n nonlipid membrane........
it was answrd once ,bbut plz once more

which is more common childhood malignant tumour
wilms or neuroblastoma..........

i am sorry 4 showering so many q at a time guys ,i thgt will finish micro,patho today n its not gettng over,

 

[wdent]

which of follexplains y sal .amylase action contiues 4 sometimes after swallowing
1.gastric hcl increases digestive action of sal amylase
2.amylase inside bolus is protected from inactivating action of gastric hcl......Answer


function of lysosomes in steroid producing cells
digst cellular debris
2.hydrolyse spent cell organels
3.cleave ester frm cholesteralester 22 produce free cholesteral
4.remove xes steroid frm cells


wat type of necrosis common in alcoholics
thught coagulative aas coagulative common in kidney,liver,ht.is that true ...I think its Liquifactive.....not sure !



which antimicrobial affect lipid n nonlipid membrane........
it was answrd once ,bbut plz once more ---Isopropyl alcohol.--not sure though,i think thats the answer!

which is more common childhood malignant tumour
wilms or neuroblastoma..........Ill go with Wilms tumor

i am sorry 4 showering so many q at a time guys ,i thgt will finish micro,patho today n its not gettng over,

Pls correct me if iam wrong !! ( seen some of these quest. long time ago here on sdn)

 

[rose82]

can sumone confirm in what month the sex of the child is determined .
anatomy deck no 79 mentions 8th week .
is it 19 to 20 weeks coz usually sex is determined in 5th month .

definitely not 5th month....its somewhere between 4th-6th weeks.

chilhood tumor is neuroblastoma

 

[pb2007]

which of follexplains y sal .amylase action contiues 4 sometimes after swallowing
1.gastric hcl increases digestive action of sal amylase
2.amylase inside bolus is protected from inactivating action of gastric hcl


function of lysosomes in steroid producing cells
digst cellular debris
2.hydrolyse spent cell organels......answer
3.cleave ester frm cholesteralester 22 produce free cholesteral
4.remove xes steroid frm cells


wat type of necrosis common in alcoholics
thught coagulative aas coagulative common in kidney,liver,ht.is that true



which antimicrobial affect lipid n nonlipid membrane........
it was answrd once ,bbut plz once more

which is more common childhood malignant tumour
wilms or neuroblastoma..........

i am sorry 4 showering so many q at a time guys ,i thgt will finish micro,patho today n its not gettng over,

2]fat necrosis .[doubtfull]
http://medical-mastermind-community.com/podcast/apoptosis-necrosis-and-calcification-usmle-step-1-mp3s-notes

3]propyl alcohal
4]neuroblastoma [wilms is common but nueroblastoma is most common,that's wat deck no 118 in micro says

 

[pb2007]

definitely not 5th month....its somewhere between 4th-6th weeks.

chilhood tumor is neuroblastoma

thanks for replyin rose but i'm little confused here ,can u plz explain why is it around four to 6th week .

 

[rose82]

in usmle its given ovary n testis develops in 4th week.In the net i searched and got that sex is determined in 6th week...so i combined both

edit:now im thinking that it might 6-8 weeks since they ask sex determination (not when formed)

 

[elmos]

the steam autoclaves are made to operate in the following ranges
1] 121degree centigrade[250f]at a pressure of 15 pounds per square inch [psi]for 15 to 20 min

2] 134 degree celcius [270f]at a pressure of 30 psi for a minimum of 3 min [flash cycle]

you can read deck no 283 under infection control frm 09 -10 version in micro .
http://www.ucsfmedicalcenter.org/matserv/misc/trainin/Flash Sterilization.pdf

thks a lot

 

[rose82]

wchich is wrong
1.b lymphocytes recognise ag on surface of ag presenting cells in context of hla-d molecule
2.t lymphocyes recognise ag on sutface of ag presenting cells in context of hla-b molecule..........


does b lymhpocytes require ag presenting cells,so i thgt tht is wrng
and t lympocytes tru agpcell ,thr mhc2 means HLA- ,D,,not HLA-b .rt
can any 1 tell me easy way 2 remember this concept.i always land up makng mistakes in this...............

what is the answer for this?Please someone solve the unanswered q's of aathmashree.

 

[rose82]

)A dentist was performing treatment on patient,But unexpectly the patient lost his conciousness and his head drop ,which of the following is the Best answer?
a.Asthma
b.Allergic to latex gloves
c.Anapylaxis..............answer ?????!!! is it true
d.Scared of dentist

I think this is latex allergy.any inputs..coz anapylaxis is due to allergens.But what does latex allergy come under?

bacterial mutation leading to requirement for single aa is due to
1.lack of mrna
2.loss of ability to utilise glucose
3.absence of single enzyme activity

whats the ans 4 this?

 

[elmos]

i think u r right lymphocyte b doesn't need antigen presenting
lyphocyte t4 needs hla b

 

[teethie]

Yes it is conjugation which occus via plasmid which ofefrs resistance to antibiotics.

BEST WAY 2 TRANSFER MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE
transduction or conjugation

plasmids r responsible 4 drug resistance ,but read this as conjugation tru R-factor ......... plz any 1 confirm this

 

[teethie]

agree, dry heat sterilization is for 1-2 hours

is not dry heat sterilization 1-2 hours?

i think it is plasmids thru conjugation.

(transduction is by bacteriophage and process of infection)

 

[teethie]

agree with pb2007 on
in alcoholics, it is fat necrosis
neuroblastoma is most common malignant tumor in child


fat

2]fat necrosis .[doubtfull]
http://medical-mastermind-community.com/podcast/apoptosis-necrosis-and-calcification-usmle-step-1-mp3s-notes

3]propyl alcohal
4]neuroblastoma [wilms is common but nueroblastoma is most common,that's wat deck no 118 in micro says

 

[teethie]

agree with you elmos.

i think u r right lymphocyte b doesn't need antigen presenting
lyphocyte t4 needs hla b [/QUOTE]


Originally Posted by aathmashree
which is wrong
1.b lymphocytes recognise ag on surface of ag presenting cells in context of hla-d molecule
2.t lymphocyes recognise ag on sutface of ag presenting cells in context of hla-b molecule..........

 

[teethie]

latex allergy also comes under anaphylaxis, but if we assume patient has already given history of latex allergy and then we are left with vasovagal syncope which is due to anxiety so my choice is scared of dentist.
anaphylaxis is only due to allery to local anesthetic and it wont happen while performing treatment, it will happen right away.
pl correct if wrong.

)A dentist was performing treatment on patient,But unexpectly the patient lost his conciousness and his head drop ,which of the following is the Best answer?
a.Asthma
b.Allergic to latex gloves
c.Anapylaxis..............answer ?????!!! is it true
d.Scared of dentist

I think this is latex allergy.any inputs..coz anapylaxis is due to allergens.But what does latex allergy come under?

bacterial mutation leading to requirement for single aa is due to
1.lack of mrna
2.loss of ability to utilise glucose
3.absence of single enzyme activity

whats the ans 4 this?

 

[elmos]

perhaps teethie u are right, scared from the dentist.
cause anaphylaxis goes very fast, and give other symptom too

 

[teethie]

my reference is :
http://books.google.ca/books?id=u1p...&resnum=4&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false

which of following explains y sal .amylase action contiues 4 sometimes after swallowing
1.gastric hcl increases digestive action of sal amylase
2.amylase inside bolus is protected from
inactivating action of gastric hcl---------answer

 

[rose82]

Thank you teethie!

which of the following is most often associated with fatalies afte an influenzal infection?

Influenza
Staph aureus
Strept pyogenes
Hemophilus influenza

ans given as stap aureus...is it an influenzal inf??

REF 1984, q 84.

 

[asheer]

actually its not an influenzal inf they asked abt the fatality AFTER the inflz inf that says the most common inf which can occur or overlap and cause symptoms after the period of inflz or during its course !!!! hope am clear!!!!!!!

 

[asheer]

i wud like to correct my ans previously wat i hav given abt the fainting of he patient i also think it may be cause of the anxiety assctd syncope!!!!!!!!

 

[teethie]

asheer, i got your point but can you mention in particular what fatal complication will occur as a result of staph aureus after influenza infection.
sorry if i am confusing you.

actually its not an influenzal inf they asked abt the fatality AFTER the inflz inf that says the most common inf which can occur or overlap and cause symptoms after the period of inflz or during its course !!!! hope am clear!!!!!!!

 

[aathmashree]

)A dentist was performing treatment on patient,But unexpectly the patient lost his conciousness and his head drop ,which of the following is the Best answer?
a.Asthma
b.Allergic to latex gloves
c.Anapylaxis..............answer ?????!!! is it true
d.Scared of dentist

I think this is latex allergy.any inputs..coz anapylaxis is due to allergens.But what does latex allergy come under?

bacterial mutation leading to requirement for single aa is due to
1.lack of mrna
2.loss of ability to utilise glucose
3.absence of single enzyme activity

whats the ans 4 this?

ans marked as 3.,dono how

 

[teethie]

is it a released asda key?

ans marked as 3.,dono how

 

[rose82]

Phage conversion is responsible for Production of pyrogenic toxin.Is phage conversion same as Transduction via bacteriophage?

What is the purpose of transduction?Because i read in q papers, it says multidrug resistance and elsewhere i read something...Please help.Thanks.

 

[aathmashree]

hey for ur qstn abt the lipopolysacchride - i found this----- Thelipopolysaccharide of F necrophorum is located in a multilayered external coat. The endotoxin varies from strain to strain in its content of 2-ketodeoxyoctanate and sugars.the LPS of grm neg orgnsms have the ketodeoxyoctanate so the ans as u said is the techoic acid!!!!


mmunological injury that involves activation of complimentas imp event in damaging tissue is found in
1.immune complex mediated
2.atibody dependent cell mediated immunity....
i thnk 2 is tht rt.. - is right too

i am sorry, i am wrng abt this ans,in nbde first aid book given as
type 3 ;ag -ab complex activating compliment n this complex found in the ares ,alowing compliment activation and causing distruction of adj tissues

type2;r cytotoxic reaction with igG bindin 2 ag on rbc with eventual compliment distruction




type 2;they r cytotoxic

 

[aathmashree]

most comon fingal infection in usa is
blastomycosis or aspergillosis

most common ht disease in us
coronary ht disease or mI
CORONARY RT.

tnz for most of the ans guys
,need ans 4 this
i thgt alcoholic cause lung absess because of kleibshella ,n so liquifaction necrosis ,but later agree with u guys fat necrosis......

 

[aathmashree]

is it a released asda key?

s,from asda,i thn 99 or 2000

 

[aathmashree]

infective endocarditis could b
acute;fast acting,like st.aureus
subacute,slow acting,like st virdans.........
i read yesterday in nbde first aid,sorry now cat remember the page
acc 2 usmle ,most of infective endocarditis cud b subacute

 

[aathmashree]

sorry acute

 

[aathmashree]

Thank you teethie!

which of the following is most often associated with fatalies afte an influenzal infection?

Influenza
Staph aureus
Strept pyogenes
Hemophilus influenza

ans given as stap aureus...is it an influenzal inf??

REF 1984, q 84.

wat is the ans anybody.

 

[rose82]

i am sorry, i am wrng abt this ans,in nbde first aid book given as
type 3 ;ag -ab complex activating compliment n this complex found in the ares ,alowing compliment activation and causing distruction of adj tissues

type2;r cytotoxic reaction with igG bindin 2 ag on rbc with eventual compliment distruction




type 2;they r cytotoxic

What do you mean..answer is type 2?Because after ur q,i read it and found that in both type 2 and 3 complement gets activated.so i couldnt reach to any conclusion...can u elaborate what u said.

The capsule of strept mutans is an imp virulence factor that
1)proteolytic actvty
2)enhances oral accumulation
3)prevents phagocytic digestion

1st of all...does strpt mutans have capsule?Capsule can prevent phagocytic digestion..so i thot 3rd option..but answer is 2nd option.Can anyone expl q 51 in dec 1998.


function of lysosomes in steroid producing cells
digst cellular debris
2.hydrolyse spent cell organels
3.cleave ester frm cholesteralester 22 produce free cholesteral
4.remove xes steroid frm cells

What is the answer for this??

 

[asheer]

Phage conversion is responsible for Production of pyrogenic toxin.Is phage conversion same as Transduction via bacteriophage?

What is the purpose of transduction?Because i read in q papers, it says multidrug resistance and elsewhere i read something...Please help.Thanks.



transduction is transfer of the foriegn dna into a bacteria thru a phage or the virus and this is imp in virulence of some bacteria eg ; cornybacterium diptheriae

and conjugation is the transfer of the plasmids wid antibiotic resistance factor that can be transfered bw two diffrnt bacteria and this is hw the multidrug resistant strains devlope

this what i hav got hope u understand=When a cell becomes lysogenized, occasionally extra genes carried by the phage get expressed in the cell. These genes can change the properties of the bacterial cell. This process is called lysogenic or phage conversion. This can be of significance clinically. e.g. Lysogenic phages have been shown to carry genes that can modify the Salmonella O antigen, which is one of the major antigens to which the immune response is directed. Toxin production by Corynebacterium diphtheriae is mediated by a gene carried by a phage. Only those strain that have been converted by lysogeny are pathogenic.

 

[asheer]

i think the capsule of the strepto mutans is formed by the dextrans which make them adhere to the tooth surface!!!!!!!

 

[wdent]

Originally Posted by rose82
)A dentist was performing treatment on patient,But unexpectly the patient lost his conciousness and his head drop ,which of the following is the Best answer?
a.Asthma
b.Allergic to latex gloves
c.Anapylaxis
d.Scared of dentist..........ANSWER

I think this is latex allergy.any inputs..coz anapylaxis is due to allergens.But what does latex allergy come under?

bacterial mutation leading to requirement for single aa is due to
1.lack of mrna
2.loss of ability to utilise glucose
3.absence of single enzyme activity................Answer

R these answers correct ????

 

[aathmashree]

What do you mean..answer is type 2?Because after ur q,i read it and found that in both type 2 and 3 complement gets activated.so i couldnt reach to any conclusion...can u elaborate what u said.

The capsule of strept mutans is an imp virulence factor that
1)proteolytic actvty
2)enhances oral accumulation
3)prevents phagocytic digestion

1st of all...does strpt mutans have capsule?Capsule can prevent phagocytic digestion..so i thot 3rd option..but answer is 2nd option.Can anyone expl q 51 in dec 1998.


function of lysosomes in steroid producing cells
digst cellular debris
2.hydrolyse spent cell organels
3.cleave ester frm cholesteralester 22 produce free cholesteral
4.remove xes steroid frm cells

What is the answer for this??

hey , q they r asking abt, tissue damage tru ag- abody complex .so the ans is i mean they r asking abt type 3 hypersensitivity reaction
ex rh .arthritis ,immune complex in jts n its distruction ,at synuvial jt,
glomerular nephritis,immune complex located at glomeruli causing activation of compliment later n distuction


,where as type 2 hypesensitivity ,ab against cell surface ag ,so cytotoxic,also compliment mediated,

 

[rose82]

Thank you guys for explaining

Pls can anyone explain the concept behind this

Competitive inhibition best describes the desired effect in
1)opsonization
2)tuberculin rxn
3)allergic desensitization
4)phagocytosis

Mechanism responsible for damage to blood vessels in immune complex disorder is
1)activation of complement system
2)phagocytosis of immune complexes by RE cells

Thank you!