I would like to know if any taking NDBE part 1 exam in may/june, so that we can discuss some topics.
Thanks
Kishore
Thanks
Kishore
Hi,
Thanks a lot for your encouragement.I got this depression because of my performance on tests in Anatomy and CVS physio.Yesterday I did CVS physio very thoroughly from Kaplan video lectures.Dr.Robert has explained things very nicely.But I don't know what is wrong with me, when I am solving questions I am unable to correlate those big big terms and logic behind that.
That's OK I will try my best.
I need one more suggestion- where form you did histology section of Anatomy?I am strucked with small questions like main elements in growth of alveolar process, epithelium kind of things.
Please continue replying after your exam.Don't forget us...
Thanks and all the best for you
Dentbaby, Kaplan notes should be enough for physio, use other sources if you don't understand the basics.
I'm finished physio, took me a bit longer than I hoped but at least I'm done.
This means that, as planned I'm two days ahead of schedule. I don't know what to do w/ this extra time. Should I do exams? review immunology, biochem, mocrobi/path. I feel like I should review microbi and path again (for like the 10th bloody time) I feel good about physio, and that it'll pull the biochem score up, but microbi and path are still weak (when I think about it carefully, I don't think I know anything...). I'll sleep on it and let you guys know...
6 days to go....
Hi,
Can anyone explain this to me?
What changes in the extracellular fluid compartment are caused by prolonged sweating?
Please explain the concept of Osmotic Pressure.Everywhere , when I see osmotic pressure I am doing mistakes.
- A decrease in volume and an increase in osmotic pressure
- A decrease in volume and a decrease in osmotic pressure
- An increase in volume and an increase in osmotic pressure
- An increase in volume and a decrease in osmotic pressure
- I am thinking that sweating means losing hypotonic fluid.So ECF becomes hypertonic, so water moves from ICF to ECF.Ofcourse compensation is still less than the lost ECF.So ECF decreases.But how come osmotic pressure increases?
- The osmotic pressure of the filtrate at the end of the proximal convoluted tubule is
- greater than that of plasma.
- much less than that of plasma.
- about the same as that of plasma.
- greater than that of the filtrate in the descending portion of the loop of Henle.
.
Thanks
Hi everyone,
it makes me feel better to know that u guys have ur exams next week too, mine is on Tuesday, and I'm gonna be done reviewing Kaplan lecture notes and decks tomorrow, so the last 3 days I'll focus on the huge amount of notes I've been taking which includes all those info that just needs to be stuck in my mind as well as those tiny ugly details that I never seem to remember
Huggies, I can imagine how difficult and time consuming the whole flying thing is, but as u said try to read whenever possible and dont be upset about the time that is lost, coz after all u've been studying for months now and u deserve to have atleast few hours of relaxation or let me say "not studying"
anyway guys we r close! hang in there!
Hi,
Can anyone explain this to me?
What changes in the extracellular fluid compartment are caused by prolonged sweating?
Please explain the concept of Osmotic Pressure.Everywhere , when I see osmotic pressure I am doing mistakes.
- A decrease in volume and an increase in osmotic pressure
- A decrease in volume and a decrease in osmotic pressure
- An increase in volume and an increase in osmotic pressure
- An increase in volume and a decrease in osmotic pressure
- I am thinking that sweating means losing hypotonic fluid.So ECF becomes hypertonic, so water moves from ICF to ECF.Ofcourse compensation is still less than the lost ECF.So ECF decreases.But how come osmotic pressure increases?
- The osmotic pressure of the filtrate at the end of the proximal convoluted tubule is
- greater than that of plasma.
- much less than that of plasma.
- about the same as that of plasma.
- greater than that of the filtrate in the descending portion of the loop of Henle.
Thanks
I can explain it to you if the answers for 1). 1, and 2) 3, let me know what the answers are.
hey dentbay
you are doin the usmle video lectures for physiology, i guess..
I need a favor..my set does not have the endocrine lectures..could you mail me the videos, i can take them on yahoo..if you do not have a problem,right now I do not have the patience to go and find them on net.
please help me if you can.
im msgn you my email address on sdn.
Huggies,
Your answers are correct, just now I understood that if Osmolarity increases it is hypertonic and It's osmotic pressure increases.
For the 2 nd question, I think whatever the reabsorption occuring PCT is losing Isotonic solution.i.e water moves to compensate NA+, K+ , GLUCOSE, CL- movement.So I think that is isotonic fluid finally at the end of PCT.So if sotonic fluid moves out there is no change in osmotic pressure.So plasma O.P= PCT osm pres.
Am I correct with my explanation?
Thanks
YOU got number 2, Not sure if you understand number 1. In this question you're losing sweat, which contains more water than sodium. The following will happen:
-ECF volume will decrease b/c you're losing something despite whether it's isotonic or hyper/hypotonic
-ECF osmolarity will increase b/c the loss was not isotonic, meaning you lost more water than sodium, which means that you left more sodium in ECF which will make that compartment more osmotic (more particles than water)
-ICF volume will now decrease because , increased osmolarity in ECF will pull water out of the cell, and shrink it.
It's critical that you understand wether you're gaining something or losing it. If the same solution was added (more water than sodium), opposite would happen:
-ECF volume would increase b/c you're adding something regardless of what it is
-ECF osmolarity would decrease b/c you added more water than sodium, even though you're adding sodium
-ICF volume would increase b/c now in comparison to ECF it's osmolarity decreased and it will pull water out of ECF
-Sodium amount would increase b/c despite the fact that you added more water than sodium, you still added some sodium, but
-Sodium concentration would decrease b/c you added more water than sodium and in effect diluted the sodium you had in ECF.
I hope this is how you understand it, it's not just what the solution is, but weather it's going in or out and how it compares to different compartments in the body.
huggies
the water which is moving into the compartment from ecf to icf in first condition where we loose hypotonic solution, water is moving by simple diffusion down the concentration gradient, because due to loss of hyoptonic solution, more water is lost, water in ECF is less than is ICF, there water moves from higher concentration of water in ICF to lower concentration of water in ECF, but you said water moves from icf to ecf because there is decrease in osmolarity in ecf..r u sure?
dentbay
the fluid that enters the proximal tubule is 300mOsm, and this is the conc of plasma,
because what enters the bowman capsule is ultrafiltrate plama (same conc of dissolved substances as of plasma, except proteins), as protein are impermeable.
so osmolarity of filtrate is 300mOsm.
for a freely filtered substance, ratio of filtrate conc/plamsa conc =1,
there bowman capsule has same conc as plasma
if u hve usmle lecture notes, its given in the renal process chp, ubder heading fluid entering bowman capsule.
i hope this helps.
I have clarified my self and I want you to know this exactly becos it's very important...
Oxygen Content is equal to Total oxygen concentration in entire blood.So oxygen concentration and content are equal and it is called partial pressure of oxygen.PO 2 is decreased in Hypoxia that is total oxygenation of tissues is decreased in Hypoxia.But Oxygen dissolved in plasma of arterial blood is PaO2 which is the main element that is reduced in Hypoxemia.Hypoxemia is mainly due to ventilation perfusion differences and acidois.But Hypoxia can be due to amny reasons.
Then the O2 bound to Hb is called Saturated O2- SO2.
In Anemia PaO2 is not decreased , SO2 is also not decreased but oxygen content decreases because of lack of Hb content.
In CO poisoning PaO2 do not decrease, Hb content donot decrease but Total Oxygen content / oxygen concentration decreases as SO2 is decreased because of CO saturation to O2 binding sites..
Hope this helps
Hey dentbaby, had to read it couple of times before I got it, thanks for that explanation, hope you got my private msg.
Hi Huggies,
Just now I came form Emergency Room and everything went normal.I did not get ur private message.If you don't understand about my message regarding oxygen , please let me know.I will give detailed explanation.Today morning I was very sick, so had no patience to type in detail.
Thanks
stress reaches highest level in me and 2 more days to go
i have just arrived in the city where i will be examined and hope for good peroformance on exam day
best luck for all
stress reaches highest level in me and 2 more days to go
i have just arrived in the city where i will be examined and hope for good peroformance on exam day
best luck for all