Part -1 questions

[quest_life]

1) Where the ulnar nerve is easily injured?

2) Fluorodeoxyuridine inhibits?

3)How does p/o ratio alter in mitochondria,when an uncoupler is added?(can someone explain the p/o ratio concept please ?

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[pOiiMiiOq]

3. A hypoplasia of primary teeth which is limited to incisal thirds of incisors, incisal tips of canines, and occlusal portion of molars suggest what?

metabolic disturbance in utero[/QUOTE]

indicates metabolic disturbance during prenatal period. (i didn't know you gave the answer already ^___^) Please answer the question below. =)

question: where is nondisjunction occur most rapidly??? (like what phase -- PMAT?) -- is it the metaphase? when it's lining up? or the Anaphase? when it's separating?

 

[docasrpa]

In theory it is given that small cell CA causes an increase in ADH and Acth. and it is sq cell ca that causes PTH release. but the released papers say that PTH is related to oat cell carcinoma.

please suggest something?

 

[de297]

In theory it is given that small cell CA causes an increase in ADH and Acth. and it is sq cell ca that causes PTH release. but the released papers say that PTH is related to oat cell carcinoma.

please suggest something?

actually small cell carcinoma is associated with para neoplastic syndrome.
ACTH - Cushing's syndrome
ADH- SIADH
PTH.
so all 3 r present in small cell carcinoma. while squamous cell carcinoma of lung is associated with PTH.
(jus checked with an oncologist, he says there ll be hypercalcemia in squamous cell carcnoma of lung,which has metastasized)
was scc also an answer choice in the question in the released paper that u mentioned????

 

[de297]

metabolic disturbance in utero

indicates metabolic disturbance during prenatal period. (i didn't know you gave the answer already ^___^) Please answer the question below. =)

question: where is nondisjunction occur most rapidly??? (like what phase -- PMAT?) -- is it the metaphase? when it's lining up? or the Anaphase? when it's separating?[/quote]
anaphase

 

[pOiiMiiOq]

Thanks! =)

how about this one:

Which of the following affects the widest organ range?
varicella, rubella, Moluscam, Herpes

 

[pOiiMiiOq]

also, what nerve follows the ECA? is it the great auricular?

and...is T-lymphocyte affected by IL-4 ?

 

[econservative]

Thanks! =)

how about this one:

Which of the following affects the widest organ range?
varicella, rubella, Moluscam, Herpes

Herpes - ans

 

[njsmahal]

also, what nerve follows the ECA? is it the great auricular?

and...is T-lymphocyte affected by IL-4 ?

isnt it vagus thta follows ECA or CCA in carotid sheath???

 

[vijaggi]

which of the following cytokines stimulates b lymphocytes to differentiate into plasma cells?
IL1
IL2
IL3
IL4
IL5
ans is IL5 ,i thougth it was IL1 which leads to antibody formation,b cell growth
can someone help with this

 

[shibab]

1) foll found in epidermis except :
-desmosomes
-capillaries
-mitotic cells
-free nerve endings


2) mucosa of floor of mouth: Does it have a submucosa layer??

3) nerves of anterior abdominal wall lie immediately deep to which layer of wall??
- external oblique
-internal oblique
-transversus abdominis
-transversus fascia

4) stratified squamous epithelium present in??
-jejunum
-stomach
-duodenum
-esophagus

5) in a section of epiphyseal plate of femur of 18 old male;;which is the zone in which cartilage lacunae appear swollen and chondrocytes are large??
-proliferation
-bone deposition
-reserve cartilage
-cartilage calcification
-hypertrophy and maturation

plz help with these questions

thanks

 

[econservative]

1) foll found in epidermis except :
-desmosomes
-capillaries- ans
-mitotic cells
-free nerve endings


2) mucosa of floor of mouth: Does it have a submucosa layer??- attached gingiva -ans

3) nerves of anterior abdominal wall lie immediately deep to which layer of wall??
- external oblique
-internal oblique- ans
-transversus abdominis
-transversus fascia

4) stratified squamous epithelium present in??
-jejunum
-stomach
-duodenum
-esophagus- ans

5) in a section of epiphyseal plate of femur of 18 old male;;which is the zone in which cartilage lacunae appear swollen and chondrocytes are large??
-proliferation- ans
-bone deposition
-reserve cartilage
-cartilage calcification
-hypertrophy and maturation

plz help with these questions

thanks

plz correct if i am wrong

 

[shibab]

thanks a lot ,,but to the second question i meant whether oral mucosa of floor of mouth is covered with non keratinized epithelium with a lamina propria and submucosa?????

also plz help with the foll:::

1) in respiratory alkalosis ;tetany might be due to sudden decrease in which kind of calcium??

-ionized serum
-citrate bound
-serum protein bound
-total serum

2) P waves occuring in ST segment indicates ectopic beats originating in;
-atria
-AV node
- lower portion of bundle of his
-upper portion of bundle of his

3)what best describes GTP binding proteins?

-tightly bound to adenylate cyclase
-membrane proteins
-inactivate protein kinase C
-component of steroi hormone signal transduction

thanks

 

[docasrpa]

ionized calcium

atria
membrane proteins

 

[shibab]

thanks a lot..

1) cushings syndrome is characterized by foll except one;

- increased protein anabolism
-increased androgen levels
-hyperglycemia
-hypertension
-hyperkalemia

2) cortisol stimulates synthesis in liver of
-glucokinase
-phosphofructokinase
-pyruvate carboxylase
-pyruvate kinase

3)during which phase blood flow to left coronary artery greatest

-late systole
-early systole
-late diastole
-early diastole

thanks

 

[shibab]

plz help with these questions too::::

1) eg. of innate immunity:

-allergic rxn to insect venom
-classical pathway of complement
-alternative pathway
-destruction of virus infected cells by T killer cells
-production of IgG response to insect venom


2) coagulase production by staphylococus aureus is imp in pathogenicity beoz

-helps to establish a typical abscess lesion
-establish cellulitis lesion
-allows organism to adhere tightly to tissue
-non specifically binds to Fc portion of IgG molecules

3)infection with histoplasma capsulatum in healthy individuals is

-opportunistic infection
-rapidly spreading
-self limiting n benign

4)primary function of S IgA
-aggregates microorganisms and prevents colonization
-activates complement in secretory fluids
-promotes phagocytosis by monocytes
-activates mast cells
-activates NK cells

5) axial inclination of palatal root of max 2nd molar

-distal and lingual
-distal and facial

thanks

 

[kianaz]

plz answer

1 polymerization of molecules into collagen fibrile occures in the?
ribosome
lysosome
extracelular space
rough E reticulum
smooth ER

2 injury of spinal accessory while in posterior triangle will cause paralysis of the

platysma
trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
inferrior belly of omohyoid

3 in erythropoiesis which of the following increase from the proerythroblast to the mature erythrocyte?

cell size
phagocytic ability
cytoplasmic acidophilia
cytoplasmic basophilia

thanks

 

[kianaz]

secondary swelling occurs due to?

 

[de297]

thanks a lot..

1) cushings syndrome is characterized by foll except one;

- increased protein anabolism
-increased androgen levels
-hyperglycemia
-hypertension
-hyperkalemia

2) cortisol stimulates synthesis in liver of
-glucokinase
-phosphofructokinase
-pyruvate carboxylase
-pyruvate kinase

3)during which phase blood flow to left coronary artery greatest

-late systole
-early systole
-late diastole
-early diastole

thanks

.....

 

[de297]

plz answer

1 polymerization of molecules into collagen fibrile occures in the?
ribosome
lysosome
extracelular space
rough E reticulum
smooth ER
well actually after procollagen formation in rer it is transferred to golgi.since thats not a choice am not sure

2 injury of spinal accessory while in posterior triangle will cause paralysis of the

platysma
trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
inferrior belly of omohyoid

3 in erythropoiesis which of the following increase from the proerythroblast to the mature erythrocyte?

cell size
phagocytic ability
cytoplasmic acidophilia
cytoplasmic basophilia

thanks

......

 

[docasrpa]

i think in cushing syndrome..hypokalemia occurs.
correct me if i am wrong

 

[docasrpa]

Symptoms include rapid weight gain, particularly of the trunk and face with sparing of the limbs (central obesity), a round face often referred to as a "moon face," excess sweating, telangiectasia (dilation of capillaries), thinning of the skin (which causes easy bruising) and other mucous membranes, purple or red striae (the weight gain in Cushing's stretches the skin, which is thin and weakened, causing it to hemorrhage) on the trunk, buttocks, arms, legs or breasts, proximal muscle weakness (hips, shoulders), and hirsutism (facial male-pattern hair growth). A common sign is the growth of fat pads along the collar bone and on the back of the neck(buffalo hump) (known as a lipodystrophy). The excess cortisol may also affect other endocrine systems and cause, for example, insomnia, reduced libido, impotence, amenorrhoea and infertility. Patients frequently suffer various psychological disturbances, ranging from euphoria to psychosis. Depression and anxiety are also common.[2]

Other signs include polyuria (and accompanying polydipsia), persistent hypertension (due to cortisol's enhancement of epinephrine's vasoconstrictive effect) and insulin resistance (especially common in ectopic ACTH production), leading to hyperglycemia (high blood sugars) which can lead to diabetes mellitus. Untreated Cushing's syndrome can lead to heart disease and increased mortality. Cushing's syndrome due to excess ACTH may also result in hyperpigmentation. This is due to Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone production as a byproduct of ACTH synthesis from Proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Cortisol can also exhibit mineralcorticoid activity in high concentrations, worsening the hypertension and leading to hypokalemia (common in ectopic ACTH secretion). Furthermore, gastrointestinal disturbances, opportunistic infections and impaired wound healing (cortisol is a stress hormone, so it depresses the immune and inflammatory responses). Osteoporosis is also an issue in Cushing's Syndrome since, as mentioned before, cortisol evokes a stress-like response. The body's maintenance of bone (and other tissues) is therefore no longer one of its main priorities, so to speak. It is also important to note that Cushing's may elicit hirsuitism (male-pattern hair growth in a female) and oligomenorrhea (decreased frequency of menstruation) due to elevations in androgens (male sex hormones), normally at low levels in women.

The syndrome in horses leads to weight loss, polyuria and polydipsia and may cause laminitis

 

[econservative]

thanks a lot ,,but to the second question i meant whether oral mucosa of floor of mouth is covered with non keratinized epithelium with a lamina propria and submucosa?????

also plz help with the foll:::

1) in respiratory alkalosis ;tetany might be due to sudden decrease in which kind of calcium??

-ionized serum- ans
-citrate bound
-serum protein bound
-total serum

2) P waves occuring in ST segment indicates ectopic beats originating in;
-atria
-AV node
- lower portion of bundle of his- ans
-upper portion of bundle of his

3)what best describes GTP binding proteins?

-tightly bound to adenylate cyclase
-membrane proteins- ans
-inactivate protein kinase C
-component of steroi hormone signal transduction

thanks

please correct me if i am wrong

 

[econservative]

thanks a lot..

1) cushings syndrome is characterized by foll except one;

- increased protein anabolism
-increased androgen levels
-hyperglycemia
-hypertension
-hyperkalemia- ans
2) cortisol stimulates synthesis in liver of
-glucokinase
-phosphofructokinase
-pyruvate carboxylase- ans
-pyruvate kinase

3)during which phase blood flow to left coronary artery greatest

-late systole
-early systole
-late diastole
-early diastole- ans

thanks

please correct me if i am wrong

 

[econservative]

plz help with these questions too::::

1) eg. of innate immunity:

-allergic rxn to insect venom
-classical pathway of complement
-alternative pathway- ans
-destruction of virus infected cells by T killer cells
-production of IgG response to insect venom


2) coagulase production by staphylococus aureus is imp in pathogenicity beoz

-helps to establish a typical abscess lesion
-establish cellulitis lesion- ans
-allows organism to adhere tightly to tissue
-non specifically binds to Fc portion of IgG molecules

3)infection with histoplasma capsulatum in healthy individuals is

-opportunistic infection
-rapidly spreading
-self limiting n benign

4)primary function of S IgA
-aggregates microorganisms and prevents colonization
-activates complement in secretory fluids
-promotes phagocytosis by monocytes
-activates mast cells
-activates NK cells
ansrenvent colonisation and aggregation of microorganisms
5) axial inclination of palatal root of max 2nd molar

-distal and lingual
-distal and facial- ans

thanks

plzz be generous to correct me

 

[econservative]

plz answer

1 polymerization of molecules into collagen fibrile occures in the?
ribosome
lysosome
extracelular space- ans
rough E reticulum
smooth ER

2 injury of spinal accessory while in posterior triangle will cause paralysis of the

platysma
trapezius- ans
sternocleidomastoid
inferrior belly of omohyoid

3 in erythropoiesis which of the following increase from the proerythroblast to the mature erythrocyte?

cell size
phagocytic ability
cytoplasmic acidophilia- ans
cytoplasmic basophilia

thanks

please correct me if i am wrong

 

[kianaz]

which artery of external carotid artery you cant find in carotid triangle?

 

[vijaggi]

In 25 yrs male presents with tooth ache,fever,diffuse,firm facial swelling and neutrophilic leukocytosis .the facial swelling most likely represents ?
a cellulitis
b granulation tissue
c eosinophilic infilteration
d granulamatous inflammation
e proliferation of neutrophils

 

[missiondds]

Q10]An example of primary active transport is the movement of
a] Glucose into muscle
b] Potassium into a nerve cell
c] proteins across capillaries
d] sodium into an endothelial
e] oxygen across the alveolar wall

answr is sodium in endothial cells. eg: sodium uptake in kidney cells is ative process hance needs lot of atp/energy, hence kidney are very sustible to less oxygen.active transport is NA/K transport,Proton pump/CApump.

 

[Sinatra Frank]

In 25 yrs male presents with tooth ache,fever,diffuse,firm facial swelling and neutrophilic leukocytosis .the facial swelling most likely represents ?
a cellulitis
b granulation tissue
c eosinophilic infilteration
d granulamatous inflammation
e proliferation of neutrophils

i would go for E..just because it is written Neutrophilic leckocytosis.. if someone has better explanation ill be happy to know

 

[missiondds]

thanks a lot..

1) cushings syndrome is characterized by foll except one;

- increased protein anabolism
-increased androgen levels
-hyperglycemia
-hypertension
-hyperkalemia

2) cortisol stimulates synthesis in liver of
-glucokinase
-phosphofructokinase
-pyruvate carboxylase
-pyruvate kinase

3)during which phase blood flow to left coronary artery greatest

-late systole
-early systole
-late diastole
-early diastole

thanks

answer1:a.does not produce protein anabolism. cortisols produce protien catabolism n breakdown of muscle proteins.

answer2rruvate carboxylase.

answer3:early diastole.

 

[missiondds]

1) foll found in epidermis except :
-desmosomes
-capillaries
-mitotic cells
-free nerve endings


2) mucosa of floor of mouth: Does it have a submucosa layer??

3) nerves of anterior abdominal wall lie immediately deep to which layer of wall??
- external oblique
-internal oblique
-transversus abdominis
-transversus fascia

4) stratified squamous epithelium present in??
-jejunum
-stomach
-duodenum
-esophagus

5) in a section of epiphyseal plate of femur of 18 old male;;which is the zone in which cartilage lacunae appear swollen and chondrocytes are large??
-proliferation
-bone deposition
-reserve cartilage
-cartilage calcification
-hypertrophy and maturation

plz help with these questions

thanks

1:capallarioes.

3:internal oblique.

4:esophagu.

5:hypertrphy n maturation.

 

[missiondds]

metabolic disturbance in utero

indicates metabolic disturbance during prenatal period. (i didn't know you gave the answer already ^___^) Please answer the question below. =)

question: where is nondisjunction occur most rapidly??? (like what phase -- PMAT?) -- is it the metaphase? when it's lining up? or the Anaphase? when it's separating?[/QUOTE]



nondsyjunction occur during separation of sister chromatid away from the eqitoral plane after exchange og genetic material.

 

[missiondds]

i would go for E..just because it is written Neutrophilic leckocytosis.. if someone has better explanation ill be happy to know

diffuse facial sweeling means it is not localized or is rapildy sdpreading. hence it cannot be grnulationgranulomatous inflammation where the swelling is soft due to accumalation of pus .

facial sweeling with systemic manifestations like fever are highly indicative of cellulitis . MOST COMMON COMPLICATION OF SPREAD OF ORAL INFECTIONS VIA FACIAL SPACES.

 

[missiondds]

which Artery Of External Carotid Artery You Cant Find In Carotid Triangle?[/qu


SPERFICAL TEMPORAL/MAXILLARY BOTH ARE TERMINAL BRANCHES OF ECA that bifurcate just bfore external ear.

 

[econservative]

In 25 yrs male presents with tooth ache,fever,diffuse,firm facial swelling and neutrophilic leukocytosis .the facial swelling most likely represents ?
a cellulitis- ans
b granulation tissue
c eosinophilic infilteration
d granulamatous inflammation
e proliferation of neutrophils

Guys i am not sure for this answer if anybody has the answer please enlighten us . in think so that is cellulitis

 

[econservative]

which artery of external carotid artery you cant find in carotid triangle?

the branches of external carotidwhich are not found in the carotid triangle
1. superficial temporal
2. maxillary
3. posterior superior alveolar artery

pleasde correct me if i am wrong

 

[missiondds]

1) Where the ulnar nerve is easily injured?

2) Fluorodeoxyuridine inhibits?

3)How does p/o ratio alter in mitochondria,when an uncoupler is added?(can someone explain the p/o ratio concept please ?

when an uncoupler is added then it function in such a way that though a proton gradient is MAINED across the mitochondrial membrane but no electron are combined with oxygen.. theULTIMATE STEP IN OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION wherein ATP sysnthesis is clubed with electron transfer which in presence of O2 form water n co2 final byproducts of respiration. UNCOUPLERS use the neregy of electron transport for generation of heat instead OF GENEARATION OF ATP.Hence no atp/no energy generation but body is heated.Same mechanism is utlized during shivering.or high aspirin doses.

 

[missiondds]

thats the ans i have. even im confuse with this.
may be due to hageman factor related stimulation of bradykinin which causes the increase vasodilation.

hey!!!

POLYMERISATION OF PROCOLLAGEN MEAN ADDITON OF NEW AMINOACIDS TO THE PREEXISTING CHAIN. (JUST LIKE POLYMERISATION OF ETHELENE OR ANY OTHER STUFF.. PLYMERISATION IS JUST ADDITON).Hence additon n chain elongation takes place precisely in RER. golgi is associated only with pacakage n distributuion.I m pretty sure.

 

[missiondds]

motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve. ans
mesencephalic nucleus is involved with jaw reflexes but it is sensory so no control over muscles. and nucleus ambiguus is for laryngeal and pharyngeal uscles

SVE for all muscles relay in nucleus ambigus.

 

[shibab]

plzz be generous to correct me

thanks a lot

 

[smilez]

Guys, I also have some questions that I need help with please!

Baroreceptors work to decrease BP by:
Inc Parasymp innerv to Blood vessels
or
Inc PS innerv to the Heart?


What hormone is released in response to Histamine relase?

Would delayed closing of Na channels lead to a lingering + charge after an AP?
(if no, what would cause that?)

What metabolism does Clostridium Perfringens utilize?

If you had cell damage, would you see an increase in conc of K or an increase in conc of Na?

What does St Louis encephalopathy cause?

Are there any other Aids-associated neoplasms besides CNS lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma? (I'm sure there are, I just dont know what they are!)

Please help, Thank you in advance!

 

[Sinatra Frank]

Guys, I also have some questions that I need help with please!

Baroreceptors work to decrease BP by:
Inc Parasymp innerv to Blood vessels
or
Inc PS innerv to the Heart?

parasymp has no receptor on blood vessels--> effect on heart (sa node)
What hormone is released in response to Histamine relase?

Would delayed closing of Na channels lead to a lingering + charge after an AP?
(if no, what would cause that?)

What metabolism does Clostridium Perfringens utilize?
anaerobic
If you had cell damage, would you see an increase in conc of K or an increase in conc of Na?
increase in conc of Na due to loss of active pump and conc gradient(no atp)
What does St Louis encephalopathy cause?
encephlophay... im kidding.. i just know it is a flavivirus
Are there any other Aids-associated neoplasms besides CNS lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma? (I'm sure there are, I just dont know what they are!) Brukitt;s lymphoma by EBV and maybe cervical cancer by HPV..

Please help, Thank you in advance!

good luck on the exam,,when r u taking it and from where did u get the Qs?

 

[Sinatra Frank]

What hormone is released in response to Histamine relase?

histamine-->vasoldilation-->low gfr--> renin angiotensin Aldoesteron axis is activated..

 

[econservative]

thanks a lot

My pleasure

 

[shibab]

1) general labial convexity seen in ???? is it mand incisors??

2) greater overjet of anterior teeth then::

-shorter the cusps of posterior teeth
-greater intercondylar distance
-lesser intercondylar distance
-more acute benett angle
-more obtuse benett angle


3)internal carotid arteries become occluded then blood reach arterial circle via:

-vertebral artery???


4) role of calcium in activation of cardiac muscle

-couple myosin n actin to form actinomyosin
-reduce inhibition of tropomyosin upon the myofilaments
-cause depolarization of muscle


thanks

 

[econservative]

1) general labial convexity seen in ???? is it mand incisors?? maxillary canines- i think so as the labial ridge is maxi for this tooth

2) greater overjet of anterior teeth then::

-shorter the cusps of posterior teeth-ans
-greater intercondylar distance
-lesser intercondylar distance
-more acute benett angle
-more obtuse benett angle


3)internal carotid arteries become occluded then blood reach arterial circle via:

-vertebral artery??--ans vertebral artery only


4) role of calcium in activation of cardiac muscle

-couple myosin n actin to form actinomyosin-ans
-reduce inhibition of tropomyosin upon the myofilaments
-cause depolarization of muscle


thanks

please correct me if i am wrong

 

[Sinatra Frank]

please correct me if i am wrong

i think u were wrong on the last Q..
Ca2+ binf tropnin c which inturn cause the removal of tropomyosin from actin.. this is seen in skeletal and cardaic mm. im smooth ca2+ will bind calmdoulin-->activte kinase-->phosop of myosin light chain.. thats my opinion..lets here some other guys..

 

[kupra]

please correct me if i am wrong

labial convexity is present in mand incisor form edge to apex.

corret me if im wrong.

 

[shibab]

floor of mouth consists of non keratinized stratified squamous with lamina propria n submucosa..is it true??

 

[kupra]

floor of mouth consists of non keratinized stratified squamous with lamina propria n submucosa..is it true??

ya....you r right!!! submucosa is absent or thin in keratinized or masticatory mucosa.