Autonomy is a tricky proposition as many posters have cited. I am in a large, multi-specialty, physician-owned practice that would appear to easily pass the "sniff test" of being autonomous. But we have long since passed the days of a single doc practice being able to do whatever you want, whenever you want it. Just by way of example, let's look at the rules of autonomy Simul cited above:
1) Not being able to take time off when you want / for as long as you want. This is a problem for me. But, that's because I'm solo and I chose that.
In our practice, you can generally do it. However, what happens when all the docs with kids want off for Spring Break? What about high-demand holidays like Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Years? Are we going to pay for locums coverage? Some compromise is required.
2) Not being able to choose which treatment you want to give a patient.
Mostly true, but subject to audit and peer review in Chart Rounds. A doc will be crucified in chart rounds, for instance, if they try to give a > 70 woman with early-stage, low-risk breast cancer 33 fractions of treatment.
3) Not being able to see the number of patients as you want.
Again this is a yin and yang type situation. We incentivize productivity and profitability so if you turn away patients it can potentially (a) damage your reputation in the community and (b) eat into your personal bottom line.
4) Not being able to leave if there is no work to be done.
We strongly believe in this, but you still need to be fully available by phone/text during business hours if you are working.
5) Not being able to say no to things that you are not contractually obligated to do.
Depends on what this entails but we would ask nicely, not compel.
6) Not being able to be in control of the "template" of your schedule (presuming you have staffing)
We give physicians full control of this (within reason).
What it boils down to in the end is that we still need consensus, SOPs, and rules to do things. However, when there are problems the person who comes and talks to you is a peer physician in your specialty, not an administrator.