It depends on your level.
At the very junior levels, except when on-call, in most specialties you are little more than a secretary, your day mostly consists of paperwork and "jobs" like ordering scans etc. In most specialties, in most hospitals, the majority of bloods, or at least those arising in the day will be done by the junior doctors. IVs (cannulas) will be done by the junior doctors, male, but not female catheters are almost all done by the junior doctors. Most nurses can't/wont do bloods and cannulas except in acute medicine, EM, and critical care, same for male catheters. Once you are in specialist training, 3rd post grad year, at least in the surgical specialties you should be able to get to theatre and clinic each week. Once you are a registrar, 5th post-grad year, other than ward rounds and reviewing people that have become too unwell for the more junior ones to deal with you shouldn't be on the ward but in clinic/theatre.
How late you stay depends on specialty, how busy the department is, how good or bad your colleagues are and how good or bad you are.
Financially, we earn more as juniors, in my first year my salary was close, if not equal, to that of a chief resident. Your attendings earn significantly more than our consultants. At consultant level salary doesn't vary by specialty the way it does in the US. Private work availability depends on the specialty though. GP (FM) is a little different, here they are some of the best paid.
Legally, everyone has malpractice insurance but it is rare to be sued. Being sued is more common in certain specialties as you would expect.
