i think you need to know some basics of scientific notation math. try a search on "mcat math" and you'll probably find some hints.
for example, i've said it before, scientific notation is your friend:
-log(1x10-3) = 3
get that straight from the exponent.
how about
-log(3x10-3) = ?
remember log(a*b) = log(a) + log(b), so you get
3 - log(3)... log(3) is like saying 10^x = 3... what is x?
well, sqrt(10) is around 3 (3*3=9), so x must be around 0.5
so -log(3x10-3) is about 3 - 0.5 or around 2.5, that's close enough for mcat.
also remember rules for stuff like:
(10^x)^y = 10^(x*y)
and
(10^x)/(10^y) = 10^(x-y)
and so on
these might only be on two or three problems, but they are often gimme points (plug and chug in some eqs) that you don't want to miss. often you can solve a problem by plugging in a bunch on numbers into a long eqs (given in the passage) and you can start cancelling out exponents... eventually you get left with something like:
.5 x 10-3 / 2 x 10+5
that you can do in your head:
1/2 / 2 = .25..... 10-3/10+5 = 10-8.... equals 2.5x10-9
answers would be like:
a) 2.5x10-8
b) 2.5x10-9
c) something wrong
d) something wrong
i would say to get comfortable doing problems like that. no math more complex than that is needed...