There is another aspect of the "he said she said" PD firing resident scenario, and really of any attending writing a really bad eval of a resident and the resident "blowing it off": really bad communication by the PD/attending, and misunderstanding by the resident.
Though physicians are supposed to be effective communicators, often times there isn't enough listening and effective patient education being done. For example, a patient is newly diagnosed with diabetes, the internist doesn't need to justify how he or she reached the diagnosis to the patient, just that the diagnosis is made and then treatment is discussed. In the past patients rarely challenged what their doctor had to say, this has changed of course, with the internet and public awareness of medical lawsuits and high profile cases.
At any rate, a lot of attendings progressed throughout their training without having to explain the mechanics of their opinions, even life and death decisions. Same thing with giving a resident a bad eval, the attending expects the resident to take it at face value, and change if possible, or at least accept it even if it was given without warning and without time to remediate. I have seen docs give cancer patients the bad news and simply walk out of the room. Same thing with resident evals: Sorry, we find your work unacceptable.
The thing is that if residents get a handful of negative appraisals of their work, a lot of this "noise", by necessity, needs to be filtered out to continue working. The crabby nurses, the rude senior resident, the meaningless jibs from surgery attendings, a lot of this stuff is other folks simply blowing off steam. Then the PD says that you need to be more professional even though you've been up for 18 hours and have been spending hours explaining a medical issue to a geriatric patient. Is it legitimate? Maybe the gruff attending is just blowing off steam? The PD/attending didn't explain a lot, and they didn't seem to really care to see you . . .
I have seen residents blow off bad evals/verbal comments simply because attendings in general complain so much about everything! Many attendings don't feel that they need to justify with facts the poor eval, like on med student evals, they would simply fill out a section as "unsatisfactory" and fill it in with vague comments, or sometimes none.
Other times I have seen a lot of insecure attendings give really bad evals. If the resident challenges the eval, or perhaps hints that it is unfairly subjective, it sort of challenges the attendings medical competence, after all, if the attending didn't evaluate a resident properly and is vindictive, then how do his and her patients feel? Are they able to function well as a doctor? I think this is why PDs/attendings don't like to admit that resident evals can be heavily biased, and are shocked when the eval is challenged by the resident, who the becomes the entitled narcissis.
Because of the internet, and politicians dragging medicine into the 21st Century, I think that more lawsuits and challenges of firings and bad evals will be made by residents. I think that the OP should hire a lawyer, if just to flush out what happened at the program so that it is not repeated.
The sad thing is that this sort of thing happens at the attending level too. There was this one attending who was the department chair, everybody *hated* her guts (as in the attendings under her), and they couldn't do anything about it for years. Attending wouldn't want to go to meetings (which became mandatory), and she would spy on people, in effect seeing if they were leaving the hospital before a certain time even though their work was done and this was standard practice before she came on board. She rarely saw patients, and used her position to bully people, and eventually left after several attending quit. So, while med students and resident don't get the respect and attention they need to do a good job and progress in their training, there are a lot of attendings who are "problem attendings" in their own right.
A lot of people become disillusioned with medicine because of the political infighting and lack of respect, it is sort of endemic in a lot of places.