The point was that nurses work under physicians while PAs and NPs work with physicians. PAs and NPs have the right to make diagnostic decisions, order tests, write prescriptions, etc. PAs even have independent practice right (essentially) in some states.... they can run their own practice (basically).
Yes, but depending on the state, the diagnostics and treatments an NP or PA can perform can vary considerably. Certainly PAs and NPs have a right to make diagnostic decisions, order tests, and some in cases, write prescriptions; that's how FasTracks are generally run, and I have no problem with that (in fact as I mentioned earlier in this thread, I think it's a good idea because it lightens the load on EPs to work on the more complex cases). NPs and PAs are generally capable clinicians for a wide variety of cases. But the point is, directly or not, their actions are still supervised (whether by an inhouse physician or not), and their treatments for non straightforward cases as well as uncommon dispositions are still approved by physicians.
What about the ED PA in a rural ED, has no supervision, needs no approval, what are they to do?
Supervision doesn't necessarily imply a physician physically present at all times. Even the deep rural hospital EDs that have certain hours without physician coverage are still required to contract a physician group, which may actually be providing "supervision" for 5 different rural EDs in a 150 mile radius, and during such non-coverage times, the NPs and PAs running trauma are highly experienced and have specialized in-depth training for emergent procedures such as needle decompressions, etc. Even then, such EDs are required to have physicians contracted to be oncall when one isn't available in house. Certainly, if a PA or NP is faced with a life or death situation where they must act
immediately, I certainly agree they should, but again these actions are not completely independent, as they are still legally doing so with the approval of whatever physicians are providing coverage for that facility, and those physicians are still at least partly responsible legally for the outcome.
I follow orders. I also am not required by my SP to get approval for every dose change, lab test ordered, or referral.
Yes, my point was that NPs and PAs are still midlevels and do follow orders from physicians. This is by no means insulting, degrading, or questioning their competence as clinicians; it is just part of their role in the healthcare team. Yes, PAs and NPs make their own medical decisions, but they are not entirely "independent" because they are still subject to approval by SPs, even if their approval is implied, and often does not need to be sought before performing each task. Generally, if an NP or PA feels a CXR or WBC is in order, they order it and 9999/10000 times the SP won't even be bothered about it. But if the PA or NP feel the patient needs an emergent ventriculostomy or to have their chest cracked, and the SP is available in house, most of the time they'll probably want to have a look, even if the PA or NP's call is completely accurate.
depends on the setting...for example I run a small dept without a physician on site.
they review my records after the fact but have no input into individual decisions I make about pts. I do not call them at 2 am to ask if I should admit or send home a pt, etc
I do not ask them about drug a vs drug b. I do not follow a protocol. I use my medical judgement as I have been trained to do. I run codes, intubate, cardiovert, stabilize and transfer trauma, etc.
this is not that uncommon. many small rural depts have distant physician backup available and all care review is done after the fact. in 8 years at my current job I have never called a physician to have them come eval a pt in the dept.
I transfer pts to a higher level of care all the time for diagnostic studies or consults not available at my facility but the decision to transfer or not is mine alone.
In my response, I was addressing a statement that "NPs and PAs do not follow orders from physicians, and make life or death decisions independently". As I mentioned earlier, I am a proponent of NPs and PAs running FasTrack, as this system has been successfully implemented in a myriad of EDs. My issue in particular with the usage of "independence" was that decisions made my NPs and PAs are still subject to approval, review, and revision by physicians, regardless of whether the aforementioned are valid. I am aware that it is not uncommon for NPs and PAs to completely dispo a pt and get a treatment going, but by law, these actions are still performed with the abject consent of a supervisory physician, implied or otherwise.