I definitely would not call them scams
If ever you should wonder whether a particular role/job in the military/gov't is a 'scam' (in other words, something stupid that only the gov't would pay for), ask yourself three simple questions: 1) Does that job have a civilian equivalent? 2) Is the civilian sector hiring in that role? 3) and does the civilian world pay the equivalent (or perhaps better) salary for said role.
Family physician or helicopter pilot: 1) of course there's a civilian equivalent 2) yes the civilian sector is hiring, hiring FPs in the droves! 3) yes, a civilian FP can make $200-$300K/year, depending on locale and volume, equivalent of a O-5/O-6 salary, likewise as a pilot.
So Family Physician/Helicoptor Pilot,
not a scam.
Occ/Prev Med, MWR Golf coordinating officer:
1) yeah, there's a civi equivalent, if you look for it hard enough
2) Not really, or jobs are few/far in between
3) No. You're not going to make a O-5/O-6 equivalent salary, doing solely these things.
Therefore, = scam!
Now if you don't like the word
scam and want to call it something more PC, go for it.
Preventive Medicine jobs can be fairly diverse, ranging from being the Public Health Officer for an installation (similar to a county Public Health Officer) or working in research, health surveillance, academics, or policy. Clinically, most of the positions have minimal scope of practice and responsibilities. There are certainly civilian equivalents to these positions out there in the world, however they are essentially all Governmental/NGO/Academic with limited direct patient care clinical responsibilities.
All things better done by a MS/MPH/MBA or PhD.
Look, if you're done being a physician and have no intention/desire to ever diagnose/treat someone, then go do whatever you want. If you still like playing doctor, do a primary residency.