ACFD elegibility exam- question & answer discussion

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liwanag

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Hi everyone!

I have taken the EE in May this year and a bit disappointed with my 80% score. So, i will give it another try this September. Those of you who have taken the exam and planning to take it again, let's share those questions that we have remembered and discuss the answers thru private e-mail.

my e-mail add: [email protected]

thank you and goodluck

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Q1 according to ADA publication entitled principles of ethics and code of professional conduct, a dentist can announce specialization in which of the following
a. implantology
b. hospital dentistry
c. aesthetic dentistry
d. dental public health:)
e. geriatric dentistry

Q2 symptoms of pain and tenderness upon palpation of the TMJ are usually associated with which of the following
a. impacted mandibular third molars
b. flaccid paralysis of the painful side of the face:)
c. flaccid paralysis of the non painful side of the face
d. excitability of the second division of the fifth nerve
d. deviation of the jaw to the painful side upon opening the month.

Q3 a 22 years old male patient complaint of dull pain in the posterior left mandibular region. A radiograph made of this area reveals not only a radiolucency around the first molar roots, but also a radiopacity of bone peripheral to this radiolucency. Which of the following BEST explains this conditions? It is
a. normal for this patient
b. a developmental abnormal:)
c. an error in radiograph technique

Q4 what drug is used to treat HIV patient
a. acyclovir
b. amantadine
c. zidovudine:)
d. carbamazepine
d. a manifestation of systemic bone disease
e. a reaction to an apical inflammatory disease

Q5 which of the following represents the purpose of an open-ended questions
a. to elicit specific information
b. to test a patient’s truthfulness
c. to gather medical/legal information
d. to produce maximal freedom in response:)
e. to probe the details about a specific topic

Q6 digitalis can lead to
a. hypokalcemia
b. hyponatremis:confused:
c. hypocalcemia

Q7 tetracycline stain is incorporated during
a. apposition
b. mineralization:confused:
c. calcification

Q8 in the absent of the permanent tooth, the deciduous tooth will
a. not resorb
b. resorb like usually
c. resorb slowly:)
d. resorb at the faster rate

Q9 the initial instrumentation in endo treatment is done until
a. radiographic apex
b. DEJ junction
c. CDJ junction:)
d. cemental pulpal junction


correct me if i am wrong.....
 
Q1 which of the following is seen MOST frequently among temporomandibular-joint dysfunction patient
a. depression
b. psychosis
c. sociopathy
d. schizotypical behavior

2 As an X-ray tube operates, electrons carry energy from the cathode to the anode into which of the following is MOST of this energy converted in the target?
a. heat
b. X ray
c. Magnetism
d. electricity
e. visible light

3 Larger condensers and laterally applied condensation forces are recommended to ensure complete condensation of which of the following amalgam types?
a. admixed
b. spherical
c. lathe-cut
d. high-copper
e. conventional

4 a major advantage to patient treatment with osseointegrated dental implants is a change in the pattern of edentulous ridge resorption, which of the following is believed to be the reason for a more physiologic loading of the bone
a. delayed loading
b. endosteal loading
c. sequential loading
d. progressive loading
e. mucoperiosteal loading

5 which of the following explains why the Z-plasty technique used in modifying a labial frenum is considered to be superior to the diamond technique
a. it is less traumatic
b. it is technically easier
c. it requires fewer sutures
d. it decreases the effects of scar contracture.
e. it allows for closure by secondary intention

6 the prognosis for bleaching is favorable when the discoloration is caused by
a. necrotic pulp tissue
b. amalgam restoration
c. precipitation of metallic salts
d. silver-containing root canal sealers

7 occlusal disharmony in newly inserted complete dentures MOST frequently results from which of the following
a. improper waxing
b. overextension of borders
c. errors in registering jaw relations
d. changes in supporting structures following insertion of dentures

8. which of the following is primarily communicated nonverbally
a. ideas
b. beliefs
c. thoughts
d. emotions
e. concepts

9.a patient who takes dicumarol is probably being treated for
a. hypertension
b. angina pectoris
c. coronary infarct
d. paroxysmal tachycardia
e. congestive heart failure

10.which of the following can be a clinical feature of acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
a. discrete, spherical vesical
b. temperature-sensitive teeth
c. solitary localized edematous gingival lesion
d. necrotic destruction of interdental gingival tissues
__________________
 
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Q1 which of the following is seen MOST frequently among temporomandibular-joint dysfunction patient
a. depression:confused:
b. psychosis
c. sociopathy
d. schizotypical behavior

2 As an X-ray tube operates, electrons carry energy from the cathode to the anode into which of the following is MOST of this energy converted in the target?
a. heat:)
b. X ray
c. Magnetism
d. electricity
e. visible light

3 Larger condensers and laterally applied condensation forces are recommended to ensure complete condensation of which of the following amalgam types?
a. admixed
b. spherical:)
c. lathe-cut
d. high-copper
e. conventional

4 a major advantage to patient treatment with osseointegrated dental implants is a change in the pattern of edentulous ridge resorption, which of the following is believed to be the reason for a more physiologic loading of the bone
a. delayed loading
b. endosteal loading:)
c. sequential loading
d. progressive loading
e. mucoperiosteal loading

5 which of the following explains why the Z-plasty technique used in modifying a labial frenum is considered to be superior to the diamond technique
a. it is less traumatic
b. it is technically easier
c. it requires fewer sutures
d. it decreases the effects of scar contracture.:)
e. it allows for closure by secondary intention

6 the prognosis for bleaching is favorable when the discoloration is caused by
a. necrotic pulp tissue.....ans
b. amalgam restoration
c. precipitation of metallic salts
d. silver-containing root canal sealers

7 occlusal disharmony in newly inserted complete dentures MOST frequently results from which of the following
a. improper waxing
b. overextension of borders
c. errors in registering jaw relations...ans
d. changes in supporting structures following insertion of dentures

8. which of the following is primarily communicated nonverbally
a. ideas
b. beliefs
c. thoughts
d. emotions....ans
e. concepts

9.a patient who takes dicumarol is probably being treated for
a. hypertension
b. angina pectoris
c. coronary infarct:)
d. paroxysmal tachycardia
e. congestive heart failure

10.which of the following can be a clinical feature of acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
a. discrete, spherical vesical.....ans
b. temperature-sensitive teeth
c. solitary localized edematous gingival lesion
d. necrotic destruction of interdental gingival tissues
__________________

correct me if i am wrong....:thumbup:
:thumbup:
 
ONE OF THE SYMPTON FPR TETANUS IS LOCK JAW(TRISMUS)
Tetanus is a medical condition that is characterized by a prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers. The primary symptoms are caused by tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin produced by the Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani. Infection generally occurs through wound contamination, and often involves a cut or deep puncture wound. As the infection progresses, muscle spasms in the jaw develop hence the common name, lockjaw. This is followed by difficulty swallowing and general muscle stiffness and spasms in other parts of the body.[1] Infection can be prevented by proper immunization and by post-exposure prophylaxis.[2]


What Causes Trismus?

Trismus can result from muscle damage, joint damage, rapid growth of connective tissue (scarring), or a combination of these factors.

Opening the mouth can be restricted by factors internal to the joint, for example, bony ankylosis (bony in growth within the joint), fibrous ankylosis, arthritis, infections, trauma, and (perhaps) microtrauma that may involve bruxism (grinding the teeth).

Central nervous system disorders can also restrict mouth opening. Tetanus, lesions affecting the trigeminal nerve, and drug toxicity may all be suspects in this condition.



Treatment-induced causes are also possible. Examples include third molar extractions which may tear the chewing muscles or hyperextend the joint, hematomas secondary to dental injection, and late effects of jaw fixation after mandibular fracture or other trauma.



In short, trismus can result from:

Radiation therapy to the head and neck
Surgery involving the head and neck
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD)
Infections
Systemic diseases, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma
Direct trauma to the head and neck
Indirect trauma, e.g. whiplash
Facial burns
Stress-induced disorders, e.g. clenching and grinding of the teeth (bruxism)
Congenital(at birth) or hereditary diseases
Aging











why do u think it's infection? pls give an explaination...
thanks:)
 
hi masti3,
thanks for the excellent explainations...
really appreciate it...:)


ONE OF THE SYMPTON FPR TETANUS IS LOCK JAW(TRISMUS)
Tetanus is a medical condition that is characterized by a prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers. The primary symptoms are caused by tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin produced by the Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani. Infection generally occurs through wound contamination, and often involves a cut or deep puncture wound. As the infection progresses, muscle spasms in the jaw develop hence the common name, lockjaw. This is followed by difficulty swallowing and general muscle stiffness and spasms in other parts of the body.[1] Infection can be prevented by proper immunization and by post-exposure prophylaxis.[2]


What Causes Trismus?

Trismus can result from muscle damage, joint damage, rapid growth of connective tissue (scarring), or a combination of these factors.

Opening the mouth can be restricted by factors internal to the joint, for example, bony ankylosis (bony in growth within the joint), fibrous ankylosis, arthritis, infections, trauma, and (perhaps) microtrauma that may involve bruxism (grinding the teeth).

Central nervous system disorders can also restrict mouth opening. Tetanus, lesions affecting the trigeminal nerve, and drug toxicity may all be suspects in this condition.



Treatment-induced causes are also possible. Examples include third molar extractions which may tear the chewing muscles or hyperextend the joint, hematomas secondary to dental injection, and late effects of jaw fixation after mandibular fracture or other trauma.



In short, trismus can result from:

Radiation therapy to the head and neck
Surgery involving the head and neck
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD)
Infections
Systemic diseases, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma
Direct trauma to the head and neck
Indirect trauma, e.g. whiplash
Facial burns
Stress-induced disorders, e.g. clenching and grinding of the teeth (bruxism)
Congenital(at birth) or hereditary diseases
Aging
 
please correct me if i'm wrong
thanks:)
1. which of the following is/are true regarding diazepam?
1. its long duration of action is partly due to active metabolites
2. it does not produce antianxiety effects after intramuscular administration
3. intravenous administration is more reliable than oral
4. its sedative effect can reversed by naloxone
a. 12&3 b. 1&3 :thumbup: c. 2&4 d. 4 only e. all of the above

2. an acute periapical abscess originating from a mandibular third molar generally points and drains in the
a. submandibular:thumbup:
b. pterygomandibular
c. buccal vestibule
d. buccal space

3. during extraction of a maxillary third molar, the tuberosity is fractured. the tooth with the tuberosity remains attached to the surrounding soft tissue. you should
a. remove both and suture
b. leave both and stabilize, if possible:thumbup:
c. remove both, fill the defect with gelfoam and suture
d. reflect the mucoperiosteum, remove the tooth, leaving the tuberosity in place and suture

4.a 5yr old child presents with yellow pigmentation of the deciduous teeth which under ultraviolet light gives a bright yellow flourescence. this is diagnostic of of
a. tetracycline pigmentation:thumbup:
b. pigmentation associated with chromogenic bacteria
c. amelogenesis imperfecta
d, enamel hypoplasia

5. which of the following patients should be referred for orthodontic treatment to close a diastema between maxillary central incisors?
1. an 8 yr old with no oral habits
2. a 14 yr old with no abnormal oral habits
3. 3 yr old with a 4mm overjet
4. an 8 yr old with previous thumb habit

a. 12&3 b. 1&3 c. 2&4:thumbup: d. 4 only e. all of the above

6. a disease of childhood characterized by mental ******ation, delayed growth and delayed tooth eruption may be caused by deficient
a. thyroid hormone:thumbup:
b. testicular hormone
c. posterior pituitary hormone
d. anterior pituitary growth hormone

7. bacterial infection may be confirmed by
1. WBC
2. hemoglobin count
3. erythrocyte sedimentation rate
4. platelet count

a. 12&3 b. 1&3 c. 2&4 d. 4 only e. all of the above:thumbup:

8. a characteristic of the periodontium which allows safe temporary separation of the teeth is the
a. nature of acellular cementum
b. elasticity of bone:thumbup:
c. modified continuous eruption
d. passive eruption
 
Excessive orthodontic force used to move a tooth may:
1-cause hyalinization
2-cause root resorbtion
3- crush the periodontal ligament
4- impair tooth movement
A-1,2,3
B-1,3
C-2, 4
D-only 4
E- all of the above


For those who are good English speakers: the word "impair" is in sense of "diminished" or "worse"?
 
When removing bone or sectioning roots of teeth with a high-speed handpiece, the air/ water combination should be set with:
A. air and water on
B.-water only
C.-air only
D.-neither air nor water

Is the air/water combination actually the air/ water syringe? If so, that means that the corect answer is D, because high-speed handpieces have already their own water cooling system?
What do you think about it?
 
For this question

7. bacterial infection may be confirmed by
1. WBC
2. hemoglobin count
3. erythrocyte sedimentation rate
4. platelet count

a. 12&3 b. 1&3thumbup: c. 2&4 d. 4 only e. all of the above:

Isnt C is better then all of the above??
 
I am sure about this question

Excessive orthodontic force used to move a tooth may:
1-cause hyalinization
2-cause root resorbtion
3- crush the periodontal ligament
4- impair tooth movement
A-1,2,3
B-1,3
C-2, 4
D-only 4
E- all of the above:thumbup:


For those who are good English speakers: the word "impair" is in sense of "diminished" or "worse"?
 
For this question

7. bacterial infection may be confirmed by
1. WBC
2. hemoglobin count
3. erythrocyte sedimentation rate
4. platelet count

a. 12&3 b. 1&3thumbup: c. 2&4 d. 4 only e. all of the above:

Isnt C is better then all of the above??

i choose all of the above because you need CBC (WBC, hemoglobin, platelet count) for bacterial infection.
all of them can be used to confirm bacterial infection...
what do you think?
 
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When removing bone or sectioning roots of teeth with a high-speed handpiece, the air/ water combination should be set with:
A. air and water on:thumbup:
B.-water only
C.-air only
D.-neither air nor water

Is the air/water combination actually the air/ water syringe? If so, that means that the corect answer is D, because high-speed handpieces have already their own water cooling system?
What do you think about it?

- it's from the surgical handpiece not the air/water syringe...
 
Excessive orthodontic force used to move a tooth may:
1-cause hyalinization
2-cause root resorbtion
3- crush the periodontal ligament
4- impair tooth movement
A-1,2,3
B-1,3
C-2, 4
D-only 4
E- all of the above:thumbup:


For those who are good English speakers: the word "impair" is in sense of "diminished" or "worse"?

prevent tooth movement
 
anybody approved my answers???
please correct me if i'm wrong

please correct me if i'm wrong
thanks:)
1. which of the following is/are true regarding diazepam?
1. its long duration of action is partly due to active metabolites
2. it does not produce antianxiety effects after intramuscular administration
3. intravenous administration is more reliable than oral
4. its sedative effect can reversed by naloxone
a. 12&3 b. 1&3 :thumbup: c. 2&4 d. 4 only e. all of the above

2. an acute periapical abscess originating from a mandibular third molar generally points and drains in the
a. submandibular:thumbup:
b. pterygomandibular
c. buccal vestibule
d. buccal space

3. during extraction of a maxillary third molar, the tuberosity is fractured. the tooth with the tuberosity remains attached to the surrounding soft tissue. you should
a. remove both and suture
b. leave both and stabilize, if possible:thumbup:
c. remove both, fill the defect with gelfoam and suture
d. reflect the mucoperiosteum, remove the tooth, leaving the tuberosity in place and suture

4.a 5yr old child presents with yellow pigmentation of the deciduous teeth which under ultraviolet light gives a bright yellow flourescence. this is diagnostic of of
a. tetracycline pigmentation:thumbup:
b. pigmentation associated with chromogenic bacteria
c. amelogenesis imperfecta
d, enamel hypoplasia

5. which of the following patients should be referred for orthodontic treatment to close a diastema between maxillary central incisors?
1. an 8 yr old with no oral habits
2. a 14 yr old with no abnormal oral habits
3. 3 yr old with a 4mm overjet
4. an 8 yr old with previous thumb habit

a. 12&3 b. 1&3 c. 2&4:thumbup: d. 4 only e. all of the above

6. a disease of childhood characterized by mental ******ation, delayed growth and delayed tooth eruption may be caused by deficient
a. thyroid hormone:thumbup:
b. testicular hormone
c. posterior pituitary hormone
d. anterior pituitary growth hormone

7. bacterial infection may be confirmed by
1. WBC
2. hemoglobin count
3. erythrocyte sedimentation rate
4. platelet count

a. 12&3 b. 1&3 c. 2&4 d. 4 only e. all of the above:thumbup:

8. a characteristic of the periodontium which allows safe temporary separation of the teeth is the
a. nature of acellular cementum
b. elasticity of bone:thumbup:
c. modified continuous eruption
d. passive eruption
 
Thanks guys!

7. bacterial infection may be confirmed by
1. WBC
2. hemoglobin count
3. erythrocyte sedimentation rate
4. platelet count

a. 12&3
b. 1&3 :thumbup:
c. 2&4
d. 4 only
e. all of the above
 
I do remember a question about prognosis for implants but I am not exactly sure about the format.
if you answer this question, you will be able to answer the exam question!

can you arrange these areas according to best to worst prognosis regarding implants:

anterior maxillary
posterior maxillary
anterior mandibular
posterior mandibular
 
- it's from the surgical handpiece not the air/water syringe...

I do remember that it is not good to use air and water in surgical procedures, I believe it is water only!

Anyone disagrees?
 
@ liwanag

the questions in doubt are in red... I marked the answer I think is right.


please correct me if i'm wrong
thanks:)

3. during extraction of a maxillary third molar, the tuberosity is fractured. the tooth with the tuberosity remains attached to the surrounding soft tissue. you should
a. remove both and suture
b. leave both and stabilize, if possible:thumbup: (some people agree with you):smuggrin:
c. remove both, fill the defect with gelfoam and suture
d. reflect the mucoperiosteum, remove the tooth, leaving the tuberosity in place and suture (I think this is also right!!!):smuggrin:



7. bacterial infection may be confirmed by
1. WBC
2. hemoglobin count
3. erythrocyte sedimentation rate
4. platelet count

a. 12&3 b. 1&3:smuggrin: c. 2&4 d. 4 only e. all of the above:thumbup::smuggrin:
 
Here are some really challenging questions that I remember fromt he May exam...


-The major reason not to extract a mandibular 3rd molar accompanied with pericoronitis is fear of
1-Osteomyelitits.
2-Spread of infection.
3-Anesthesia won’t work. *
4-Bacteremia.


-Difference between Osteosarcoma & fibrous dysplasia is that osteosarcoma
A- can invade soft tissue.
B- is an ill-defined radiolucency.
C- is Malignant.
D- difficult to irradiate from normal bone.

-In bruxism, what is in action
1- A Delta & C fibers.*
2- Sphenopalatine ganglion.
3- Basilar ganglion. 4- ?
(some people think it is A delta & C fibers)

-Chronic Nasal constriction with resultant mouth breathing, may cause
A- Increase in lower facial height.
B- Increase in lower facial height & maxillary constriction.
C- Increase in lower facial height, maxillary constriction & crowding of lower anterior teeth.
D- Difficult to evaluate.

-Which is more apt to cause displacement of neighboring teeth
A- Dentigerous cyst.
B- periapical Abscess.
C- Radicular cyst.
D- Lateral periodontal cyst.
E-Cementoma.

-1-Accessory canals are most probably found in the
1-cervical 3rd.
2-middle 3rd.
3-apical 3rd of the root.* I think

-When placing a full crown on a tooth with large MOD amalgam restoration; you place the finishing line
a-on amalgam. * (I think it doesn't matter as long as it is in right relation with gingiva)
b-1mm gingival to amalgam.
c-2mm gingival to amalgam.
d-same level as amalgam ends.*

-Most common cause of class II division 1 malocclusion
1- Maxillary prognathism. *
2-maxillary retrognathism.
3-mandibular prognathism.
4-mandibular retrognathism.*

-a patient with severe bleeding disorder; which of the following holds the least risk:
1)injection of inf.alv.nerve block.*
2)a subgingival restoration.
3)scalling supragingivally* should not be invasive but I am not sure!

-causes of composite polymerization shrinkage during setting
1-Evaporation of the by-product.
2-Evaporation of unreacted monomer.
3-temp change occurring during polymerization.
4-replacment of 1ry bonds by 2ry bonds* (or 2ry bonds by 1ry bonds, can't remember)

-causes of composite polymerization shrinkage during setting
1-Evaporation of the by-product.
2-Evaporation of unreacted monomer.
3-temp change occurring during polymerization.
4-replacment of 1ry bonds by 2ry bonds* (or 2ry bonds by 1ry bonds, can't remember)


2006 EE unknown questions

-causes of composite polymerization shrinkage during setting
1-Evaporation of the by-product.
2-Evaporation of unreacted monomer.
3-temp change occurring during polymerization.
4-replacment of 1ry bonds by 2ry bonds* (or 2ry bonds by 1ry bonds, can't remember)

Particulate hydroxyapatite, when placed
subperiostially,
1. is highly biocompatible.
2. has a low incidence of secondary
infection following surgery.
3. has a tendency to migrate following
insertion.
4. induces bone formation throughout the
implanted material.
A. (1) (2) (3)*
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

Root resorption of permanent teeth may be
associated with
1. excessive orthodontic forces.
2. chronic periradicular periodontitis.
3. traumatic injury.
4. periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia.
A. (1) (2) (3)*
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

The roots of primary molars in the absence of their
permanent successors
1. sometimes are partially resorbed and
become ankylosed.
2. may remain for years with no significant
resorption.
3. may remain for years partially resorbed.
4. are always resorbed.
A. (1) (2) (3)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

The facial and lingual walls of the occlusal portion
of a Class II cavity preparation for an amalgam in
deciduous teeth should
A. be parallel to each other.
B. diverge toward the occlusal surface.
C. converge toward the occlusal surface.
D. not follow the direction of the enamel
rods.


A maxillary complete denture exhibits more
retention and stability than a mandibular one
because it
1. covers a greater area.
2. incorporates a posterior palatal seal.
3. is not subject to as much muscular
displacement.
4. is completely surrounded by soft tissue.
A. (1) (2) (3)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

What clinical evidence would support a diagnosis
of acute dento-alveolar abscess?
1. A negative reaction to the electric vitality
tester.
2. A positive reaction of short duration to
cold.
3. A positive reaction to percussion.
4. Presence of a draining fistula.
A. (1) (2) (3)
B. (1) and (3)*
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.*
 
-Difference between Osteosarcoma & fibrous dysplasia is that osteosarcoma
A- can invade soft tissue.
B- is an ill-defined radiolucency.
C- is Malignant. -ans
D- difficult to irradiate from normal bone.
 
Here are some really challenging questions that I remember fromt he May exam...


-The major reason not to extract a mandibular 3rd molar accompanied with pericoronitis is fear of
1-Osteomyelitits.
2-Spread of infection.
3-Anesthesia won’t work. *
4-Bacteremia.


-Difference between Osteosarcoma & fibrous dysplasia is that osteosarcoma
A- can invade soft tissue.
B- is an ill-defined radiolucency.
C- is Malignant.
D- difficult to irradiate from normal bone.

-In bruxism, what is in action
1- A Delta & C fibers.*
2- Sphenopalatine ganglion.
3- Basilar ganglion. 4- ?
(some people think it is A delta & C fibers)

-Chronic Nasal constriction with resultant mouth breathing, may cause
A- Increase in lower facial height.
B- Increase in lower facial height & maxillary constriction.
C- Increase in lower facial height, maxillary constriction & crowding of lower anterior teeth.
D- Difficult to evaluate.

-Which is more apt to cause displacement of neighboring teeth
A- Dentigerous cyst.
B- periapical Abscess.
C- Radicular cyst.
D- Lateral periodontal cyst.
E-Cementoma.

-1-Accessory canals are most probably found in the
1-cervical 3rd.
2-middle 3rd.
3-apical 3rd of the root.* I think

-When placing a full crown on a tooth with large MOD amalgam restoration; you place the finishing line
a-on amalgam. * (I think it doesn't matter as long as it is in right relation with gingiva)
b-1mm gingival to amalgam.
c-2mm gingival to amalgam.
d-same level as amalgam ends.*

-Most common cause of class II division 1 malocclusion
1- Maxillary prognathism. *
2-maxillary retrognathism.
3-mandibular prognathism.
4-mandibular retrognathism.*

-a patient with severe bleeding disorder; which of the following holds the least risk:
1)injection of inf.alv.nerve block.*
2)a subgingival restoration.
3)scalling supragingivally* should not be invasive but I am not sure!

-causes of composite polymerization shrinkage during setting
1-Evaporation of the by-product.
2-Evaporation of unreacted monomer.
3-temp change occurring during polymerization.
4-replacment of 1ry bonds by 2ry bonds* (or 2ry bonds by 1ry bonds, can't remember)

-causes of composite polymerization shrinkage during setting
1-Evaporation of the by-product.
2-Evaporation of unreacted monomer.
3-temp change occurring during polymerization.
4-replacment of 1ry bonds by 2ry bonds* (or 2ry bonds by 1ry bonds, can't remember)


2006 EE unknown questions

-causes of composite polymerization shrinkage during setting
1-Evaporation of the by-product.
2-Evaporation of unreacted monomer.
3-temp change occurring during polymerization.
4-replacment of 1ry bonds by 2ry bonds* :)(or 2ry bonds by 1ry bonds, can't remember)

Particulate hydroxyapatite, when placed
subperiostially,
1. is highly biocompatible.
2. has a low incidence of secondary
infection following surgery.
3. has a tendency to migrate following
insertion.
4. induces bone formation throughout the
implanted material.
A. (1) (2) (3)*
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

Root resorption of permanent teeth may be
associated with
1. excessive orthodontic forces.
2. chronic periradicular periodontitis.
3. traumatic injury.
4. periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia.
A. (1) (2) (3)*
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

The roots of primary molars in the absence of their
permanent successors
1. sometimes are partially resorbed and
become ankylosed.
2. may remain for years with no significant
resorption.
3. may remain for years partially resorbed.
4. are always resorbed.
A. (1) (2) (3)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.:confused:

The facial and lingual walls of the occlusal portion
of a Class II cavity preparation for an amalgam in
deciduous teeth should
A. be parallel to each other.
B. diverge toward the occlusal surface.
C. converge toward the occlusal surface.:)
D. not follow the direction of the enamel
rods.


A maxillary complete denture exhibits more
retention and stability than a mandibular one
because it
1. covers a greater area.
2. incorporates a posterior palatal seal.
3. is not subject to as much muscular
displacement.
4. is completely surrounded by soft tissue.
A. (1) (2) (3)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

What clinical evidence would support a diagnosis
of acute dento-alveolar abscess?
1. A negative reaction to the electric vitality
tester.
2. A positive reaction of short duration to
cold.
3. A positive reaction to percussion.
4. Presence of a draining fistula.
A. (1) (2) (3)
B. (1) and (3)*
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.*

thanks for ur questions.
please correct me if i'm wrong
 
best....ant md:thumbup:
post md
post mx
ant mx

PLZ correct me if im wrong...



I do remember a question about prognosis for implants but I am not exactly sure about the format.
if you answer this question, you will be able to answer the exam question!

can you arrange these areas according to best to worst prognosis regarding implants:

anterior maxillary
posterior maxillary
anterior mandibular
posterior mandibular
 
Here are some really challenging questions that I remember fromt he May exam...


-The major reason not to extract a mandibular 3rd molar accompanied with pericoronitis is fear of
1-Osteomyelitits.
2-Spread of infection.
3-Anesthesia won’t work. *
4-Bacteremia.


-Difference between Osteosarcoma & fibrous dysplasia is that osteosarcoma
A- can invade soft tissue.
B- is an ill-defined radiolucency.
C- is Malignant.
D- difficult to irradiate from normal bone.

-In bruxism, what is in action
1- A Delta & C fibers.*
2- Sphenopalatine ganglion.
3- Basilar ganglion. 4- ?
(some people think it is A delta & C fibers)

-Chronic Nasal constriction with resultant mouth breathing, may cause
A- Increase in lower facial height.
B- Increase in lower facial height & maxillary constriction.
C- Increase in lower facial height, maxillary constriction & crowding of lower anterior teeth.
D- Difficult to evaluate.

-Which is more apt to cause displacement of neighboring teeth
A- Dentigerous cyst.
B- periapical Abscess.
C- Radicular cyst.
D- Lateral periodontal cyst.
E-Cementoma.

-1-Accessory canals are most probably found in the
1-cervical 3rd.
2-middle 3rd.
3-apical 3rd of the root.* I think

-When placing a full crown on a tooth with large MOD amalgam restoration; you place the finishing line
a-on amalgam. * (I think it doesn't matter as long as it is in right relation with gingiva)
b-1mm gingival to amalgam
c-2mm gingival to amalgam.
d-same level as amalgam ends.*

-Most common cause of class II division 1 malocclusion
1- Maxillary prognathism. *
2-maxillary retrognathism.
3-mandibular prognathism.
4-mandibular retrognathism.*

-a patient with severe bleeding disorder; which of the following holds the least risk:
1)injection of inf.alv.nerve block.:)*
2)a subgingival restoration.
3)scalling supragingivally* should not be invasive but I am not sure!

-causes of composite polymerization shrinkage during setting
1-Evaporation of the by-product.
2-Evaporation of unreacted monomer.
3-temp change occurring during polymerization.
4-replacment of 1ry bonds by 2ry bonds* :)(or 2ry bonds by 1ry bonds, can't remember)

-causes of composite polymerization shrinkage during setting
1-Evaporation of the by-product.
2-Evaporation of unreacted monomer.
3-temp change occurring during polymerization.
4-replacment of 1ry bonds by 2ry bonds* (or 2ry bonds by 1ry bonds, can't remember)


2006 EE unknown questions

-causes of composite polymerization shrinkage during setting
1-Evaporation of the by-product.
2-Evaporation of unreacted monomer.
3-temp change occurring during polymerization.
4-replacment of 1ry bonds by 2ry bonds* (or 2ry bonds by 1ry bonds, can't remember)

Particulate hydroxyapatite, when placed
subperiostially,
1. is highly biocompatible.
2. has a low incidence of secondary
infection following surgery.
3. has a tendency to migrate following
insertion.
4. induces bone formation throughout the
implanted material.
A. (1) (2) (3)*:)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

Root resorption of permanent teeth may be
associated with
1. excessive orthodontic forces.
2. chronic periradicular periodontitis.
3. traumatic injury.
4. periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia.
A. (1) (2) (3)*:)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

The roots of primary molars in the absence of their
permanent successors
1. sometimes are partially resorbed and
become ankylosed.
2. may remain for years with no significant
resorption.
3. may remain for years partially resorbed.
4. are always resorbed.
A. (1) (2) (3):)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

The facial and lingual walls of the occlusal portion
of a Class II cavity preparation for an amalgam in
deciduous teeth should
A. be parallel to each other.
B. diverge toward the occlusal surface.
C. converge toward the occlusal surface.:)
D. not follow the direction of the enamel
rods.


A maxillary complete denture exhibits more
retention and stability than a mandibular one
because it
1. covers a greater area.
2. incorporates a posterior palatal seal.
3. is not subject to as much muscular
displacement.
4. is completely surrounded by soft tissue.
A. (1) (2) (3):)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

What clinical evidence would support a diagnosis
of acute dento-alveolar abscess?
1. A negative reaction to the electric vitality
tester.
2. A positive reaction of short duration to
cold.
3. A positive reaction to percussion.
4. Presence of a draining fistula.
A. (1) (2) (3)
B. (1) and (3)*:)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.*

correct me where im wrong......
 
lateral periodontal cyst is the most appropriate answer!!!
read below to avoid confusion
Lesions that can produce divergence of the roots of neighbouring teeth in the mandible include odontogenic cysts (odontogenic keratocysts, lateral periodontal cysts and radicular cysts)
 
What is the right answer for these questions......

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) may be characterized by
1. candidiasis.
2. rapid weight loss and night sweats.
3. extreme malaise, fever or chills.
4. a smooth and red tongue.
A. (1) (2) (3)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

A 60-year old patient requests the
replacement of tooth 4.6, which was extracted
many years ago. Tooth 1.6 has extruded
1.8mm into the space of the missing tooth.
The three unit fixed bridge replacing the
mandibular first molar should be fabricated
A. to the existing occlusion.
B. after extracting tooth 1.6 and
replacing it with a fixed partial
denture.
C. after restoring tooth 1.6 to a more
normal plane of occlusion.
D. after devitalizing and preparing tooth
1.6 for a cast crown.

The tooth preparation for a porcelain veneer
must create a/an
A. rough surface for improved bonding.
B. space for an appropriate thickness of
the veneering material.
C. margin well below the gingival crest.
D. definite finish line

Which of the following would be a
CONTRAINDICATION for the use of a resin
bonded fixed partial denture (acid etched
bridge or “Maryland Bridge”)?
A. Class II malocclusion.
B. An opposing free end saddle
removable partial.
C. Previous orthodontic treatment.
D. Heavily restored abutment.

When removing bone or sectioning roots of
teeth with a high-speed handpiece, the
air/water combination should be set with
A. air and water on.
B. water only.
C. air only.
D. neither air nor water.

A lateral cephalometric radiograph for a
patient with a 3mm anterior functional shift
should be taken with the patient in
A. maximum intercuspation.
B. initial contact.
C. normal rest position.
D. maximum opening.
E. protrusive

Smooth surface caries begins at localized areas on
the
A. outer surface of enamel and dentin.
B. inner surface of the enamel.
C. outer surface of the dentin.
D. outer surface of the enamel.
E. inner surface of the dentin.

A survey of the master cast shows that the 3.5 and
3.7 abutments for a fixed partial denture have
different paths of insertion with respect to 3.7. A
semi-precision attachment is chosen rather than
preparing the teeth again. Where should the male
part of the attachment ideally be located?
A. Distal of the 3.5 retainer.
B. Distal of the 3.6 pontic.
C. Mesial of the 3.7 retainer.
D. Mesial of the 3.6 pontic.

The lingual nerve contributes sensory fibers to the
1. tongue.
2. lingual surface of the mandible.
3. floor of the mouth.
4. mandibular posterior teeth.
A. (1) (2) (3)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.
 
What is the right answer for these questions......

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) may be characterized by
1. candidiasis.
2. rapid weight loss and night sweats.
3. extreme malaise, fever or chills.
4. a smooth and red tongue.
A. (1) (2) (3):)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

A 60-year old patient requests the
replacement of tooth 4.6, which was extracted
many years ago. Tooth 1.6 has extruded
1.8mm into the space of the missing tooth.
The three unit fixed bridge replacing the
mandibular first molar should be fabricated
A. to the existing occlusion.
B. after extracting tooth 1.6 and
replacing it with a fixed partial
denture.
C. after restoring tooth 1.6 to a more
normal plane of occlusion.:)
D. after devitalizing and preparing tooth
1.6 for a cast crown.

The tooth preparation for a porcelain veneer
must create a/an
A. rough surface for improved bonding.
B. space for an appropriate thickness of
the veneering material.:)
C. margin well below the gingival crest.
D. definite finish line

Which of the following would be a
CONTRAINDICATION for the use of a resin
bonded fixed partial denture (acid etched
bridge or “Maryland Bridge”)?
A. Class II malocclusion.
B. An opposing free end saddle
removable partial.
C. Previous orthodontic treatment.
D. Heavily restored abutment.

When removing bone or sectioning roots of
teeth with a high-speed handpiece, the
air/water combination should be set with
A. air and water on.
B. water only.:)
C. air only.
D. neither air nor water.

A lateral cephalometric radiograph for a
patient with a 3mm anterior functional shift
should be taken with the patient in
A. maximum intercuspation.
B. initial contact.:)
C. normal rest position.
D. maximum opening.
E. protrusive

Smooth surface caries begins at localized areas on
the
A. outer surface of enamel and dentin.
B. inner surface of the enamel.
C. outer surface of the dentin.
D. outer surface of the enamel.:)
E. inner surface of the dentin.

A survey of the master cast shows that the 3.5 and
3.7 abutments for a fixed partial denture have
different paths of insertion with respect to 3.7. A
semi-precision attachment is chosen rather than
preparing the teeth again. Where should the male
part of the attachment ideally be located?
A. Distal of the 3.5 retainer.
B. Distal of the 3.6 pontic.
C. Mesial of the 3.7 retainer.:)
D. Mesial of the 3.6 pontic.

The lingual nerve contributes sensory fibers to the
1. tongue.
2. lingual surface of the mandible.
3. floor of the mouth.
4. mandibular posterior teeth.
A. (1) (2) (3):)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

correct me where i am wrong...
 
Hi,
I started preparing for EE and plan to take the exam in 2008 just wondering if theres anyone from Winnipeg Canada who is preparing for the exams too.
 
Originally Posted by samyred
I do remember a question about prognosis for implants but I am not exactly sure about the format.
if you answer this question, you will be able to answer the exam question!

can you arrange these areas according to best to worst prognosis regarding implants:

anterior maxillary
posterior maxillary
anterior mandibular
posterior mandibular


ant. mand.
post.mand.
ant. max.
post. max.
 
most zinc oxide eugenol cements are not suitable for permanent cementation of crowns and fixed partial dentures because of
high viscosity or :thumbup:
high solubility in saliva?

What do you think?
 
most zinc oxide eugenol cements are not suitable for permanent cementation of crowns and fixed partial dentures because of
high viscosity or :thumbup:
high solubility in saliva?

What do you think?

High solubility in saliva

Correct me If I am wrong...
Thnks
 
[FONT=times new roman, new york, times, serif]when doing midfacial probing the perio probe suddenly drop apical to the mucogingival junction because of? .
[FONT=times new roman, new york, times, serif] a) hyperplastic gingiva b. no attached gingiva c.? d. ?.
[FONT=times new roman, new york, times, serif] .
[FONT=times new roman, new york, times, serif]what do u think guys?:confused:.
[FONT=times new roman, new york, times, serif]thanks.
 
dr.ymp Quote:
Originally Posted by Dana_Popescu
most zinc oxide eugenol cements are not suitable for permanent cementation of crowns and fixed partial dentures because of
high viscosity or
high solubility in saliva?

What do you think?

High solubility in saliva

Correct me If I am wrong...
Thnks

Yeah, you are right.Thanks!
 
I THINK B IS CORRECT


[FONT=times new roman, new york, times, serif]when doing midfacial probing the perio probe suddenly drop apical to the mucogingival junction because of? .
[FONT=times new roman, new york, times, serif] a) hyperplastic gingiva b. no attached gingiva I THINK THIS IS CORRECT c.? d. ?.

[FONT=times new roman, new york, times, serif]what do u think guys?:confused:.
[FONT=times new roman, new york, times, serif]thanks.
 
  • Which of the following describes the position of the needle tip during administration of local anesthetic for the inferior alveolar nerve block?
    • Anterior to the pterygomandibular raphe.
    • Medial to the medial pterygoid muscle
    • Superior to the lateral pterygoid muscle
    • Lateral to the sphenomandibular ligament:confused:

  • Extreme resorption of an edentulous mandible can bring the alveolar ridge to the level of the attachment of the
    • buccinator, styloglossus and geniohyoid muscles
    • mylohyoid, buccinator and styloglossus
    • superior constrictor, mylohyoid and buccinator :confused:
    • mylohyoid, buccinator and genioglossus

  • The gingival margin of the preparation for a full crown on a posterior tooth, with a clinical crown that satisfies the requirements for retention and resistance, should be placed
    • 0.5mm subgingivally
    • on the enamel
    • at least 1mm supragingivally:confused:
    • at the cemento-enamel junction
    • at the gingival margin

Thanks a lot.:)
 
  • Which of the following describes the position of the needle tip during administration of local anesthetic for the inferior alveolar nerve block?
    • Anterior to the pterygomandibular raphe.
    • Medial to the medial pterygoid muscle
    • Superior to the lateral pterygoid muscle
    • Lateral to the sphenomandibular ligament:confused::thumbup:
  • Extreme resorption of an edentulous mandible can bring the alveolar ridge to the level of the attachment of the
    • buccinator, styloglossus and geniohyoid muscles
    • mylohyoid, buccinator and styloglossus
    • superior constrictor, mylohyoid and buccinator :confused:
    • mylohyoid, buccinator and genioglossus:thumbup:
  • The gingival margin of the preparation for a full crown on a posterior tooth, with a clinical crown that satisfies the requirements for retention and resistance, should be placed
    • 0.5mm subgingivally
    • on the enamel
    • at least 1mm supragingivally:thumbup:
    • at the cemento-enamel junction
    • at the gingival margin
correct me if u think other wise...
 
isnt the fact that zno-e requires more thickness i.e. its more viscous the reason??? coz its has almost the same solubility in oral fluids as zn-phosphate.....????

coorect me if im wrong .....:thumbup:
High solubility in saliva

Correct me If I am wrong...
Thnks
 
isnt the fact that zno-e requires more thickness i.e. its more viscous the reason??? coz its has almost the same solubility in oral fluids as zn-phosphate.....????

coorect me if im wrong .....:thumbup:

May be you are right......
 
  • Which of the following describes the position of the needle tip during administration of local anesthetic for the inferior alveolar nerve block?
    • Anterior to the pterygomandibular raphe.
    • Medial to the medial pterygoid muscle
    • Superior to the lateral pterygoid muscle
    • Lateral to the sphenomandibular ligament:confused::thumbup:
  • Extreme resorption of an edentulous mandible can bring the alveolar ridge to the level of the attachment of the
    • buccinator, styloglossus and geniohyoid muscles
    • mylohyoid, buccinator and styloglossus
    • superior constrictor, mylohyoid and buccinator :confused:
    • mylohyoid, buccinator and genioglossus:thumbup:
  • The gingival margin of the preparation for a full crown on a posterior tooth, with a clinical crown that satisfies the requirements for retention and resistance, should be placed
    • 0.5mm subgingivally
    • on the enamel
    • at least 1mm supragingivally:thumbup:
    • at the cemento-enamel junction
    • at the gingival margin
correct me if u think other wise...
Thank you very much, highbrow. I totally agree with you.:):)
 
isnt the fact that zno-e requires more thickness i.e. its more viscous the reason??? coz its has almost the same solubility in oral fluids as zn-phosphate.....????

coorect me if im wrong .....:thumbup:

I got very confused with this one too.

So I checked the Anderson’s Applied Dental Materials (6th edition).

The ease with which eugenol can gain egress from the material is responsible for its relatively high solubility. Leached eugenol is replaced by water which under certain conditions, can cause hydrolysis of the zinc eugenol and disintegration of the cement structure. The materials are, there fore, not suitable for luting applicaticaions except on a temporary basis.



 
  • Which of the following structures affects affects the thickness of the flange of a maxillary complete denture?
    • Malar process.
    • Coronoid process.:confused:
    • Mylohyoid ridge.
    • Zygomatic process.
    • Genial tubercle.

  • After initial setting, a chemically cured glass ionomer cement restoration should have a coating agent applied to
    • hasten the final set.
    • Protect the cement from moisture.:confused:
    • ****** the film set.
    • Protect the cement from ultraviolet light.
    • Creat a smooth finish.

3.Compare to unfilled resins, composite resins have
  • reduced thermal dimensional changes.
  • increased strength
  • reduced polymerization shrinkage.
  • better polishability

    • (1) (2) (3):confused:
    • (1) and (3)
    • (2) and (4)
    • (4) only
    • all of the above

  • The maxillary cast partial denture major connector design with greatest potential to cause speech problem is
    • a thick narrow major connector:confused:
    • an anterior and a posterior bar
    • a thin broad palatal strap
    • narrow horseshoe shaped

  • Using pins to retain amalgam restorations increases the risk of
1.cracks in the teeth
2.pulp exposures
3.thermal sensitivity
4.periodontal ligament invasion


    • (1) (2) (3):confused:
    • (1) and (3)
    • (2) and (4)
    • (4) only
    • all of the above

  • In order to achieve a proper interproximal contact when using a spherical alloy, which of the following is/are essential?
  • A larger sized condenser
  • A thinner matrix band
  • An anatomical wedge
  • Use of mechanical condensation


A (1) (2) (3):confused:
B (1) and (3)
C (2) and (4)
D (4) only
E. all of the above

  • In the mandibular first premolar, the occlusal devetail of an idea disto-occlusal amalgam preparation is usually not extended into the mesial fossa because of the
    • small lingual lobe
    • large buccal cusp cusp
    • large buccal pulp horn
D.prominent transverse ridge:confused:
 
Check this one:
A 44year-old woman request removal of a painful mandibular first molar.She has not rested for two days and nights because of the pain.Her medical history: she took 20 mg of prednison daily for erythema multiforme for one year, but she stopped taking the medication three month ago.The dentist should:
1-extract the tooth under local anesthesia
2-give Ab and analgesics until the acute episode has resolved
3-give steroid suplimentation and remove the tooth with local anesthesia and sedation
4-avoid procaine as hyperallergic state of her disease may indicate allergy to ester-type local anesthesics.
The official answer is 3. But I read in a lecture that if steroid therapy stopped more than 2 weeks ago, no need for steroid suplimentation.
What is the correct answer? 1 or 3?
 
Check this one:
A 44year-old woman request removal of a painful mandibular first molar.She has not rested for two days and nights because of the pain.Her medical history: she took 20 mg of prednison daily for erythema multiforme for one year, but she stopped taking the medication three month ago.The dentist should:
1-extract the tooth under local anesthesia
2-give Ab and analgesics until the acute episode has resolved
3-give steroid suplimentation and remove the tooth with local anesthesia and sedation
4-avoid procaine as hyperallergic state of her disease may indicate allergy to ester-type local anesthesics.
The official answer is 3. But I read in a lecture that if steroid therapy stopped more than 2 weeks ago, no need for steroid suplimentation.
What is the correct answer? 1 or 3?

answer is 3
 
:thumbup:

  • Which of the following structures affects affects the thickness of the flange of a maxillary complete denture?
    • Malar process.
    • Coronoid process.:confused:
    • Mylohyoid ridge.
    • Zygomatic process.
    • Genial tubercle.
  • After initial setting, a chemically cured glass ionomer cement restoration should have a coating agent applied to
    • hasten the final set.
    • Protect the cement from moisture.:confused:
    • ****** the film set.
    • Protect the cement from ultraviolet light.
    • Creat a smooth finish.
3.Compare to unfilled resins, composite resins have
  • reduced thermal dimensional changes.
  • increased strength
  • reduced polymerization shrinkage.
  • better polishability
    • (1) (2) (3):confused:
    • (1) and (3)
    • (2) and (4)
    • (4) only
    • all of the above
  • The maxillary cast partial denture major connector design with greatest potential to cause speech problem is
    • a thick narrow major connector:confused:
    • an anterior and a posterior bar
    • a thin broad palatal strap
    • narrow horseshoe shaped
  • Using pins to retain amalgam restorations increases the risk of
1.cracks in the teeth
2.pulp exposures
3.thermal sensitivity
4.periodontal ligament invasion


    • (1) (2) (3):confused:
    • (1) and (3)
    • (2) and (4)
    • (4) only
    • all of the above
  • In order to achieve a proper interproximal contact when using a spherical alloy, which of the following is/are essential?
  • A larger sized condenser
  • A thinner matrix band
  • An anatomical wedge
  • Use of mechanical condensation

A (1) (2) (3):confused:
B (1) and (3)
C (2) and (4)
D (4) only
E. all of the above

  • In the mandibular first premolar, the occlusal devetail of an idea disto-occlusal amalgam preparation is usually not extended into the mesial fossa because of the
    • small lingual lobe
    • large buccal cusp cusp
    • large buccal pulp horn
D.prominent transverse ridge:confused:
 
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