I’m trying to understand how the insurance fee scales work for dentistry, based on what you understand is it that they allocate a certain amount of $ payable per service per fiscal period (I.e., if your region bills out for tons of crowns, it is likely that the fees will decrease)?
Nope.
The vast majority of dental insurances out there have an annual maximum that they will reimburse, regardless of if that covers the full amount of treatment that the patient needs. After the maximum is met, it's all up to the patient via out of pocket expenses or financing via a 3rd party (such as care credit) for any work that they have done until their "new" insurance year begins.
The majority of dental insurance plans that my patients have, have an annual maximum in the $1000 to $1500 range. There are a few isolated $2000 and $2500 maximums and a few sub $1000 maximums. The only real exception to that is with State employees in my home state of CT, where they don't have an annual maximum. When you consider that most dental insurances plans haven't seen an increase in their annual maximums (most employers don't opt to pay the added cost to provide a higher maximum for their employees) in literally decades, the reality is for many dental "insurance" is more like a coupon for $X off (whatever their annual maximum is) per year. Then factor in that most dental insurance plans have 3 classes of procedures that they reimburse at different percentages. That's typically 100% for preventative/diagnostic services (exams, cleanings, sealants, regular radiographs), 80% for restorative work (basically fillings in this category exclusively, and 50% for "major" work (endodontics, crowns and bridge work, dentures) you get a bunch of confusion and variability for sure.
As for the regional fee determination, it's all zipcode based, and then geographically grouped from there. There isn't any "extra" allocated or deducted based on the # of specific procedures done in one area. So for example, if I am charging say $1000 for a crown in my small, rural town in CT where I practice, and another dentist in CT down in the "gold coast" by Long Island Sound near the New York State border is charging $1500 for that same crown, and both patients have the same insurance (let's just say they both have the same Delta Dental, and haven't used up their annual maximum and each fee is within the UCR range that Delta Dental has deemed acceptable for the zipcodes our offices are in) for ease of explanation), my patient, would have Delta Dental pay $500 of that crown, and I would have to bill the patient the remainder up until the UCR fee (it would be $500 if my fee is UCR acceptable, but if Delta Dental determined the UCR for my region is $900, then I could only balance bill to that $900 amount) and the patient would be left with $500 available on their annual maximum still. For the patient in the other part, Delta Dental would pay $800 to the dentist and then the dentist could balance bill the other $800 (or whatever the amount up to the UCR fee is) and the patient would then have $200 left on their annual maximum.
If it seems confusing, it is.
If we get back to the orthodontics topic and insurance, most dental plans have a "lifetime" amount that they will pay the orthodontist for a case. My wife, a practing orthodontist, tells me that the majority of insurance plans her office deals with as that lifetime amount at $1500. So then the insurance pays the orthodontist the $1500, and then the patient is responsible for the balance.
Is it more complicated than it should/could be? Sure seems like it to me.
Does it cause issues, even with the most attentive of staff explaining all the details of insurance plans and patient payment responsibilities? Yup