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Simple- the drug company would claim its a major breakthrough drug thats the biggest advancement in the field for the last 30 years (which is true). However the population using it is not large (those with stage 4 disease probably numbers only a few thousand a year). Therefore to recoup billions in R&D the drug has to be expensive.
Now of course they are probably still gouging the US customers and selling it at a 30% discount overseas. But whether it's 30k a month or 50k doesn't really matter- it would be hard for medicaid like programs to cover but they do.
Universal healthcare means rationing. There's no way around the need to deny extraordinarily expensive and/or low benefit* care.
Hence the simple solution - basic healthcare for all, plus private insurance for those who want it and can pay for it.
This then goes back to being a problem solved by a free market. If a company thinks it's worth it to spend $billions on a drug in return for X years of patent protections and sales to the wealthier insured, they'll do it.
While on patent, the people on the public plan simply wouldn't get the new drug and they would die. But dying is what everyone with that disease has done for millions of years. That's not a "worse" outcome than the status quo. In time the drug becomes less expensive and they get it also. Thus is progress made.
* low benefit = either small average benefit or low probability of a large benefit