old FRED questions - need explanation plz

[determined1.]

Can anyone please help explain these 4 questions? I just want explanation to make sure I was thinking right and to clear up other doubts. Your explanation will be greatly appreciated. Thank you


29. A 30-year-old woman with a 1-week history of
severe diarrhea feels dizzy when she stands up.
Blood pressure (while supine) is 112/76 mm Hg
with a pulse of 88/min; blood pressure (while
standing) is 80/60 mm Hg with a pulse of
120/min. In addition to controlling her diarrhea,
the most appropriate initial therapy is
intravenous administration of which of the
following?
(A) Desmopressin
(B) 5% Dextrose in water
(C) Fresh frozen plasma
(D) 0.9% Saline
(E) Methoxamine
(F) Verapamil

I chose D, but why can't it be B?

53. A healthy 35-year-old woman has a cast
removed from her leg after 6 weeks of
immobilization. Which of the following best
characterizes her gastrocnemius muscle at this
time?
(A) Conversion to fast fibers
(B) Decrease in number of fibers
(C) Decrease in number of myofibrils
(D) Increase in mitochondrial content
(E) Increase in number of satellite cells

Need explanation for this one.

99. A 24-year-old woman who breast-feeds her
infant develops a warm, painful mass and
erythema of the overlying skin in the upper outer
quadrant of the right breast. The pain and redness
resolve with antibiotic therapy. Several months
later, the same area is firm and the overlying skin
is dimpled. Which of the following is the most
likely cause of these findings?

(A) Breast abscess with scarring
(B) Fibroadenoma
(C) Fibrocystic change
(D) Infiltrating mammary carcinoma
(E) Traumatic fat necrosis

I thought dimpling is due to cancer mostly?

A 24-year-old primigravid woman at 28 weeks'
gestation has had nagging headaches, a puffy looking
face, and swollen legs for the past week.
Her blood pressure is 180/95 mm Hg; it was
within normal limits earlier in the pregnancy.
Urinalysis shows a protein concentration of 0.6
g/dL. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis?
(A) Acute glomerulonephritis
(B) Congestive heart failure
(C) Eclampsia
(D) Nephrotic syndrome
(E) Preeclampsia

(For this q, I think I was over thinking between c and e - she was having headache so was wondering if she was having minor seizures?)

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[Robotic Dock]

Happy new year my friend. For Q1:

Diarrhea, bleeding, normal urination and vomiting are assumed as losing isotonic fluids from the body and no shifting of fluid between intracellular and extracellular compartments. So, for isotonic loss, an isotonic fluid required. DW 5% would cause hypotonicity and edema follows! D is correct.

 

[Robotic Dock]

For Q 3:

Breast abscess can cause fluctuant mass that is going to be firm and nontender when palpated. Amazingly, this process brings fibroblasts and scar to the site of inflammation and consequently, traction of suspensory ligaments of breast under the skin and peau d'orange appearance.

 

[Robotic Dock]

For Q4:

Headache+HTN is assumed as preeclampsia. Proteinuria is not a must for diagnosis. No seizure reported by question stem. We go parallel to stem. I think E is correct.

 

[determined1.]

For Q4:

Headache+HTN is assumed as preeclampsia. Proteinuria is not a must for diagnosis. No seizure reported by question stem. We go parallel to stem. I think E is correct.

Happy New year to you and everyone on this forum. I wish all of you great success and happiness. Thank you very much for your explanation and time, Robotic Dock.

I completely forgot the criteria of Pre-eclampsia/eclapmsia. I shouldn't have gotten this wrong...

Thanks for your help again..

 

[determined1.]

Can anyone please provide information about this question, between B and C?

53. A healthy 35-year-old woman has a cast
removed from her leg after 6 weeks of
immobilization. Which of the following best
characterizes her gastrocnemius muscle at this
time?
(A) Conversion to fast fibers
(B) Decrease in number of fibers
(C) Decrease in number of myofibrils
(D) Increase in mitochondrial content
(E) Increase in number of satellite cells

 

[determined1.]

Happy new year my friend. For Q1:

Diarrhea, bleeding, normal urination and vomiting are assumed as losing isotonic fluids from the body and no shifting of fluid between intracellular and extracellular compartments. So, for isotonic loss, an isotonic fluid required. DW 5% would cause hypotonicity and edema follows! D is correct.

Great explanation. Thank you...

 

[determined1.]

I was able to get this right by eliminating other choices, but I still want clear explanation about what's going on with this pt.

A 75-year-old woman has increasing shortness
of breath on exertion. Findings on physical
examination are unremarkable. X-rays of the
chest show no abnormalities of the heart or
lungs. Pertinent laboratory findings include:

Hematocrit 28%
Hemoglobin 9 g/dL
Mean corpuscular volume 70 μm3

Which of the following is the most likely basis
for these findings?

(A) Acquired hemolytic anemia
(B) Chronic blood loss
(C) Folic acid deficiency
(D) β-Thalassemia minor
(E) Pernicious anemia

 

[dfib slim]

I was able to get this right by eliminating other choices, but I still want clear explanation about what's going on with this pt.

A 75-year-old woman has increasing shortness
of breath on exertion. Findings on physical
examination are unremarkable. X-rays of the
chest show no abnormalities of the heart or
lungs. Pertinent laboratory findings include:

Hematocrit 28%
Hemoglobin 9 g/dL
Mean corpuscular volume 70 μm3

Which of the following is the most likely basis
for these findings?

(A) Acquired hemolytic anemia
(B) Chronic blood loss
(C) Folic acid deficiency
(D) β-Thalassemia minor
(E) Pernicious anemia

Since her MCV is 70 and her H&H is low, she has a microcytic anemia. Iron deficiency caused by chronic blood loss maybe due to GI malignancy.

 

[determined1.]

Since her MCV is 70 and her H&H is low, she has a microcytic anemia. Iron deficiency caused by chronic blood loss maybe due to GI malignancy.

Thank you, I wanted to see if I was thinking right. Can you please give explanation for choice B and C?

53. A healthy 35-year-old woman has a cast
removed from her leg after 6 weeks of
immobilization. Which of the following best
characterizes her gastrocnemius muscle at this
time?
(A) Conversion to fast fibers
(B) Decrease in number of fibers
(C) Decrease in number of myofibrils
(D) Increase in mitochondrial content
(E) Increase in number of satellite cells

 

[dfib slim]

Thank you, I wanted to see if I was thinking right. Can you please give explanation for choice B and C?

53. A healthy 35-year-old woman has a cast
removed from her leg after 6 weeks of
immobilization. Which of the following best
characterizes her gastrocnemius muscle at this
time?
(A) Conversion to fast fibers
(B) Decrease in number of fibers
(C) Decrease in number of myofibrils
(D) Increase in mitochondrial content
(E) Increase in number of satellite cells

I'd pick C. The muscle went through atrophy, not apoptosis, so the number of cells didn't decrease.