i've had this same question too, and, to be honest, i'm still not sure myself after asking several docs and residents
it appears neurosurgeons are allowed to go into the dura whereas ortho does not. other ppl say ortho is more reconstructive. others say neuros do more nerve manipulation and tumors, which ortho's aren't allowed to touch
the ortho residents say ortho residency is easier and there's "nothing special in the dura anyway" and neuros keep getting their asses kicked in
others say that the bread and butter ops are different; i'm still not sure which is it for me.
at our hospital, and many others that i've seen, the ortho and neuro spines work together. i think thats the future; ppl who do the same thing work together are together, instead of by specialty. these neurospines dont even really associate with the cerebrovasculars much, and even their papers go out with the ortho spine guys.
he said thats true of vascular surgeons and interventional radiologists; they too are starting to work together
so in the end, i guess the difference is pretty minor. if u went into private practice, i guess an ortho spine would do a lotta hip replacements to pass his time, and neurosurgeons would do crani's, but i'm really not sure. from what i see at our hospital, theyre exactly the same to me.
EXCEPT: Ortho spine needs a fellowship in spine surgery; neurosurgeons do not as they generally have enough experience in complex spine by this point