It's just called banking, although like Iceman said, there're different divisions and industry focus. You probably should go for the Health Care division. Typically, entry level analysts (who are bachelor degreed) and associates (masters degreed or promoted analysts) start off as generalists and after they acquire the skills will be assigned to an industry or work group. As generalists, that means you likely will float between industries depending on what your function is (sales & trading, etc) just depending on deal flow. The work's feast or famine. If you're not on a deal, you'll get laid off.
Money's good. Job sucks. And after a while, you become a slave to the money. Lots of paperwork... the scut's worse than in medicine. Except that paperwork, sitting behind a computer, going to meetings, and getting on a plane is all that you do. You won't make a difference in anyone's life and don't really contribute to society. And the people you work with reflect that. Asides from the money, the job sounds more sexy than it really is. It's a geographically very limiting job, basically you gotta be in NYC. And in NYC, everyone's a "banker" and so it's not like you're gonna impress anyone at the bar. And if you're not a bar type, you're seriously excluded from the young professional circule... and if you're married, you won't see your spouse anyways. There's no ACGME, so there's no such thing as 80 hour work week. People average 120 and brag about "all-nighters". It's so stupid because from 9-5 pm, you basically just sit on your butt until your boss gets out of meetings to start assigning you work to do. You basically start doing work at 6 pm and if you're lucky you're out by 11 pm. During crunch time, you do "all-nighters" which include waiting for the Copy Center to xerox your books. And that's assuming they don't criticize the font and punctuation on your books. It's so ridiculous, but "bankers" pride themselves on their powerpoint slides and how professional they look. So don't get mad if they make you do it all over after you've spent hours working on it.
Anyways, if you're into that, you really should try for a big company that has a training machinery already in place given that you have zero background. You really should apply for an internship position. I don't know if you should go for an analyst position or associate's position. My personal pride would prevent me after getting an MD from going for an analyst position, but that's just me. Most analysts are in their early 20's. No family. Hungry for promotion. Willing to sacrifice everything for that year end performance bonus/promotion which means putting up with a lot of crap and cutting a lot of throat. Think about it like interns of old or lawyers fresh out of law school. The firm benefits from this type of behavior. Like lawyers, lots of cocaine and alcohol.
The good news is misery loves company, so when you go to "happy hour" at 11 pm (which is when happy hour is for bankers) you'll be around a lot people who sympathize with your misery. Good news is that you have an MD, which is an edge on paper. Bad news is you've got a lot of ground to cover and you're going to have to compensate for your shortcomings with hard work.
If you really really really want to do this, then go get an MBA which most people think is a waste of time anyways if you read the literature, but may be useful in your case because and MBA is really for career changers. The only problem is that most people who go for an MBA are those who have worked out of undergrad and economically benefits from the bump in pay when they go for an MBA. MD's make a lot of money anyways, so the change in pay from an MD to an MBA is less and so your ROI (return on investment) will be less.
Hopefully, I've been able to talk you out of it.
If you really want my opinion, you should go for a psychiatry residency. Then do all-cash, self-pay work catered to bankers in NYC. They sure need it.
