Yes,
The CAP foundation offers (or has in the past) a resident research grant. There is also the opportunity to become a CAP scholar (although you may need to be completing fellowship). Similar opportunities can be available form other agencies including the AMA, ASCO, and many others. If you have significant research, you can also apply for independent foundation grants (there are many) that may focus on your area of interest, as well as the NIH or NSF. The latter two provide the most funds but are the most difficult to get.