anatomy questions

[pbkal]

hai
can anyone please answer these questions-
1)infection from saggital sinus drains into??
2)spread of infection from facial vein to cavernous sinus is through??

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[iomega]

an oral lesion that may appear as an ulcer, a nodule or a vegetative process & is often mistaken for sq cell carcinoma is a manifestation of
1.candidiasis
2.trichinosis
3.sporotrichosis
4.histoplasmosis

 

[SCDC]

histoplasmosis

 

[iomega]

histoplasmosis

i know the ans id histoplasmosis,but was confused, does histoplasmosis have a oral lesion? can the ans be candida?

 

[iomega]

just read in first aid pg 613, cusp is the large elevation of enamel on occlusal surfaces of post. teeth and incisal edges of canines. so now if thats the case, how will the largest cusp be max canine??

dont be confused between incisal edge n crown height..

 

[docmhv]

dont be confused between incisal edge n crown height..

ya , but i cant still understand why the answer to the question --which has the longest cusp is max canine & not mand canine. can you clear that doubt???

its given in the asda ans key.

thanks a lot.

 

[dphvj]

i know the ans id histoplasmosis,but was confused, does histoplasmosis have a oral lesion? can the ans be candida?

Well, Histoplasmossi has the similar apperarance just like the Squamous cell carcinoma, where as the candida has the white patchy lesion which can be whipped off with cotton.
I hope that I have clear your doubt.

 

[live]

what CT makes up the deep dermis? I am confused on the layers and types of CT in them.. help please!

 

[pbkal]

what CT makes up the deep dermis? I am confused on the layers and types of CT in them.. help please!

irregular dense CT

 

[wadent]

answer is histoplasma capsulatum read it yesterday,,in asda reprint exam year 83,,0r 88 iam very sure thats what it said

it appera as ulcer and most often mistaken with as sq.cell carcinoma

 

[wadent]

other question the answer is
irregular c.t : found in DERMIS and submucosa of the G.I ...
its in nbde ist aid page 162..
lol

 

[live]

Can anyone confirm this for me? I'm studying this from first aid... It says:

"All sensory info from face is transmitted to the "Sensory ganglia of V" in the pons and then to the VPM of the Thalamus and ultimately to the primary somatosensory cortex."

Then in says "Pain/temp from face is transmitted to the Spinal Ganglia of V".

Are these both correct? So even though Pain is sensory it travels via a different path to the a different nucleus in the pons?!?!

 

[pbkal]

development of the ovarian follicles to the point of ovulation is stimulated primarily by
estrogen
progesteron
FSH-answer
LH
chorionic gonadotropin hormone

pls confirm........

 

[docmhv]

development of the ovarian follicles to the point of ovulation is stimulated primarily by
estrogen
progesteron
FSH-answer
LH
chorionic gonadotropin hormone

pls confirm........

yes fsh is the right ans

 

[pbkal]

yes fsh is the right ans

thanku docmhv.

 

[live]

Nerve supply to facial mucosa of lower anterior teeth?
- Mental Nerve?

Nerve supply to facial mucosa of mandibular posterior teeth?
- IAN?

Can anyone confirm these?

 

[pbkal]

Nerve supply to facial mucosa of lower anterior teeth?
- Mental Nerve?

Nerve supply to facial mucosa of mandibular posterior teeth?
- IAN?

Can anyone confirm these?

mand molars r supplied by mental nerve.

 

[pbkal]

rhuematic fever may leave the heart seriously damaged becos of
1)primary inf of heart valve with grp A streptococci
2)secondary inf of the heart valve with grp ''
3)damage to the heart valves thought to be a result of hypersensitivity to grp A streptococci
4)damage to the heart valves '' '' '' '' ''
to hemolytic staphylococci.

 

[iomega]

Nerve supply to facial mucosa of lower anterior teeth?
- Mental Nerve?

Nerve supply to facial mucosa of mandibular posterior teeth?
- IAN?

Can anyone confirm these?

Nerve supply to mand post facial mucosa is buccal nerve a br of IA nerve
n lower ant is mental nr.

 

[iomega]

rhuematic fever may leave the heart seriously damaged becos of
1)primary inf of heart valve with grp A streptococci
2)secondary inf of the heart valve with grp ''
3)damage to the heart valves thought to be a result of hypersensitivity to grp A streptococci
4)damage to the heart valves '' '' '' '' ''
to hemolytic staphylococci

 

[docmhv]

rhuematic fever may leave the heart seriously damaged becos of
1)primary inf of heart valve with grp A streptococci
2)secondary inf of the heart valve with grp ''
3)damage to the heart valves thought to be a result of hypersensitivity to grp A streptococci
4)damage to the heart valves '' '' '' '' ''
to hemolytic staphylococci.

ans is 3

 

[pbkal]

Nerve supply to mand post facial mucosa is buccal nerve a br of IA nerve
n lower ant is mental nr.

hey!!yess,u r right......sorry for goof up with mental nerve supply..

 

[pbkal]

ans is 3

thanks iomega and docmhv.

 

[pbkal]

MUSCLE GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE IS ACTIVATED BY
a)epinephrine
b)glucagon
c)insulin

1)a only
2)a and b
c)b and c

answer is given as 1.i thought both a and b shud be answer.can anyone pls explain y glucagon is not answer....??

 

[dphvj]

MUSCLE GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE IS ACTIVATED BY
a)epinephrine
b)glucagon
c)insulin

1)a only
2)a and b
c)b and c

answer is given as 1.i thought both a and b shud be answer.can anyone pls explain y glucagon is not answer....??

Epinephrine and glugagon both activates the glycogen phosphorylase.
More precisely,

Glucagon, which is synthesized by a-cells of the pancreas, activates cAMP formation in liver.
Epinephrine activates cAMP formation in muscle.

So in muscle its epinephrine.
I hope that I have clear the confusion.

 

[wadent]

hey dphvj..
thanks !!

 

[live]

Thanks so much iomega and pkbal...

Could yall please tell me where a good place to review this would be? Thanks.

 

[pbkal]

Epinephrine and glugagon both activates the glycogen phosphorylase.
More precisely,

Glucagon, which is synthesized by a-cells of the pancreas, activates cAMP formation in liver.
Epinephrine activates cAMP formation in muscle.

So in muscle its epinephrine.
I hope that I have clear the confusion.

thanks dphvj.good explanation.

 

[live]

nevermind just found one. thanks

 

[wadent]

asda 08-question number 133

pls can someone help with this !

the extracellular edema in patients with cirhosis of the liver is caused by:
a.decrease capp. permeability
b.decrease plasma protiens.............answer
c.decease capp. pr
d.increase plasma protiens

can some one kindly explain this why answer is (b) ,,,mechanism ?????????
thanks in advance lookin 2 hear from u as soon as possible ...
ur friend wadent

 

[pbkal]

generally,contact areas betwn posterior teeth r located in which directions from the center of the proximal surface?
facially and occlusally
facially and gingivally
lingually and gingivally
lingually and occlusally

contacts move cervically from ant to posterior.so,i thought facially and gingivally is answer.but,facially and oclusally is given as answer........
pls explain......

 

[pbkal]

asda 08-question number 133

pls can someone help with this !

the extracellular edema in patients with cirhosis of the liver is caused by:
a.decrease capp. permeability
b.decrease plasma protiens.............answer
c.decease capp. pr
d.increase plasma protiens

can some one kindly explain this why answer is (b) ,,,mechanism ?????????
thanks in advance lookin 2 hear from u as soon as possible ...
ur friend wadent

liver synthesizes the plasma proteins.albumin,synthesized in the liver is responsible for the maintainance of colloid osmotic/oncotic pressure of plasma.
colloid oncotic pressure causes the water to move from the plasma into capillaries.decrease in albumin levels(which occurs in liver cirrhosis) causes decreased colloid osmotic pressure of blood,thereby causing the fluid to move out of cappilaries into the extracellular spacew causing edema....
hope,im clear.......

 

[iomega]

liver synthesizes the plasma proteins.albumin,synthesized in the liver is responsible for the maintainance of colloid osmotic/oncotic pressure of plasma.
colloid oncotic pressure causes the water to move from the plasma into capillaries.decrease in albumin levels(which occurs in liver cirrhosis) causes decreased colloid osmotic pressure of blood,thereby causing the fluid to move out of cappilaries into the extracellular spacew causing edema....
hope,im clear.......

good explanation pbkal

 

[wadent]

ok i got it pbkal...
thanks !

 

[docmhv]

generally,contact areas betwn posterior teeth r located in which directions from the center of the proximal surface?
facially and occlusally
facially and gingivally
lingually and gingivally
lingually and occlusally

contacts move cervically from ant to posterior.so,i thought facially and gingivally is answer.but,facially and oclusally is given as answer........
pls explain......

they are not asking when we go from ant to post,

they are asking in general on all teeth proximal contact is more gingival or occlusal........so its in mid third more towards occ than gingival...

 

[pbkal]

they are not asking when we go from ant to post,

they are asking in general on all teeth proximal contact is more gingival or occlusal........so its in mid third more towards occ than gingival...

thanks docmhv.

 

[pbkal]

a diminished oxygen tension in the myocardium causes immediate
1)vasoconstriction of coronary vessels
2)vasodilation of coronary vessels
3)stimulation of chemoreceptors
4)inhibition of chemoreceptors

pls ans this and if possible,explain.........thanku.

 

[docmhv]

a diminished oxygen tension in the myocardium causes immediate
1)vasoconstriction of coronary vessels
2)vasodilation of coronary vessels
3)stimulation of chemoreceptors
4)inhibition of chemoreceptors

pls ans this and if possible,explain.........thanku.

i think it should be vasodialation in coronary vessels, as stimulation of chemoreceptor depens on bloood flowing thru aorta or carotid artery......the respond to arterial po2.....pls correct if wrong

 

[pbkal]

i think it should be vasodialation in coronary vessels, as stimulation of chemoreceptor depens on bloood flowing thru aorta or carotid artery......the respond to arterial po2.....pls correct if wrong

hey docmhv
can u pls explain it detailed.....i didnt get ur point clearly....
ur answer is right....

i thought vasodilation inctreases diameter,thereby slows down the blood flow.vasoconstriction increases the blood supply to the heart..........my concept may be wrong.........pls explain ur concept of answering this question..thanku..

 

[iomega]

hey docmhv
can u pls explain it detailed.....i didnt get ur point clearly....
ur answer is right....

i thought vasodilation inctreases diameter,thereby slows down the blood flow.vasoconstriction increases the blood supply to the heart..........my concept may be wrong.........pls explain ur concept of answering this question..thanku..

Vasodilation will increase blood supply n decrease blood pressure.. n vasoconstriction will decrease blood supply n increase bl pressure..
so whn thr is hypoxia( decrease in oxygen supply) u need to send more oxygen to meet up with the demand, so to do this u need to increase the bl supply to the tissue...hence vasodilation.
hope this clears ur doubt.

 

[pbkal]

Vasodilation will increase blood supply n decrease blood pressure.. n vasoconstriction will decrease blood supply n increase bl pressure..
so whn thr is hypoxia( decrease in oxygen supply) u need to send more oxygen to meet up with the demand, so to do this u need to increase the bl supply to the tissue...hence vasodilation.
hope this clears ur doubt.

thanks iomega.got it now.......

 

[pbkal]

adult respiratory distress syndrome might be caused by each of the following except one.which is the exception?
shock
heroin overdose
viral pnuemonia
cigarette smoking-answer
breathing 100% oxygen

can anyone pls give the reason.......thanku.

 

[pbkal]

can anyone pls tell the function of gastrin.
does it relax the lower esophageal sphincter or constrict??
does it hastens the gastric emptying or slows the gastric emptying??

read 2 different things at different places.......just confused.......
i know it increses the stomach motility,activates pyloric pump,stimulates hcl production.
pls correct if wrong...

 

[pbkal]

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING LIGAMENTS HAS AN OUTER OBLIQUE PORTION WHICH LIMITS THE EXTENT OF JAW OPENING AND INITIATES TRANSLATION OF THE CONDYLE DOWN THE ARTICULAR EMINENCE?
capsular
temperomandibular-answer
collateral
stylomandibular

acessory ligaments-stylomandibular and sphenomandibular ligaments limit the extent of mandibular movemnts,right????so,y stylomandibular is not answer?????pls explain...

 

[pbkal]

mandibular lateral translation(bennet movnt) occurs during the
earliest stage of lateral movt-answer
latter stage of protrusive movt
middle stage of retrusive movt
hinge axis movt of mand
ending stage of exhibiting a border movt

i thought,in lateral movt-condyle first rotates nd then translates......so,how is that ans possible......pls explain...

 

[pbkal]

protective antibodies produced as a result of recovery from hepatitis B infection include which of the following?
HBc Ag
HBe Ag
HBs Ag
HDV Ag

pls ans this.....thanku..

 

[live]

HBs Ag I think pbkal. B/c you make Abs to the surface antigens.

Can someone please explain this question to me?

The class of antibodies first detected in serum after primary immunization is usually?
a. IgA
b. IgO
c. IgE (answer)
d. IgG
e. IgM

I thought it would be IgM b/c this is the 1st Ab to react. Can someone help me out here? Thanks!

 

[pbkal]

HBs Ag I think pbkal. B/c you make Abs to the surface antigens.

Can someone please explain this question to me?

The class of antibodies first detected in serum after primary immunization is usually?
a. IgA
b. IgO
c. IgE (answer)
d. IgG
e. IgM

I thought it would be IgM b/c this is the 1st Ab to react. Can someone help me out here? Thanks!

thnks live.yess!!!ans shud be IgM for ur question.....
can u help with my other questions too.....thanku.

 

[live]

Hey guys... this is a released question and I'm wondering if the key is wrong or am I..?

"The epithelial change most predictive of cancer is...."

The key says it's "dysplasia" but I thought metaplasia was the absolute indicator of cancer?

Or is dysplasia b/c is says "predictive". Confused here, please help!

 

[pbkal]

Hey guys... this is a released question and I'm wondering if the key is wrong or am I..?

"The epithelial change most predictive of cancer is...."

The key says it's "dysplasia" but I thought metaplasia was the absolute indicator of cancer?

Or is dysplasia b/c is says "predictive". Confused here, please help!

hey live!!yess,i did that paper......got the same doubt.......i think u r right,may b bcos question says predictive-ans is dysplasia......

 

[pbkal]

can anyone pls tell the function of gastrin.
does it relax the lower esophageal sphincter or constrict??
does it hastens the gastric emptying or slows the gastric emptying??

read 2 different things at different places.......just confused.......
i know it increses the stomach motility,activates pyloric pump,stimulates hcl production.
pls correct if wrong...