There are three swelling mechanisms I'm familiar with:
- Intracellular swelling (aka. hydropic change, vacuolar degeneration, cellular edema) - where excessive water is accumulated within the cell, causing some pallor, increased turgor, and increase in weight of the organ.
- Edema - an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body.
- Hypertrophy - the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells due to an increase in protein synthesis resulting in more and larger organelles.