Addressing your questions in order:
1. Implants: you will probably get some experience placing implants in a 1yr residency but I've never heard of any 63A being able to place implants on their own; 63B get experience placing implants in residency and will likely be able to after residency if their clinic has the resources and their post has the need (being near a OMS/perio residency will affect this) - in the past I heard 63Bs at my current clinic placed a lot implants but now that is not an option (need on post met elsewhere so we don't have the supplies anymore)
2. Molar endo: 1yr grad can get credentialing here but likely won't be doing too much endo of any kind unless your clinic/post need it (63As without 1yr training won't be doing any molar endo but will likely have a lot of pulps); 63Bs can do a lot of endo, maybe retreats if they are comfortable - at my current clinic no Alpha or Bravo does any endo since we are not set up for it as there is plenty of specialist support on post
3. CAD/CAM: this is becoming huge in the Army, pretty much anyone can do this and is encouraged to (straight from school, 1yr grads, Bravos). My clinic doesn't have implant or even endo equipment but we have a CAD/CAM scanner, mill, and oven (zirconia has to be fired at another clinic with a bigger lab). The Army is moving towards CAD/CAM in a big way with most clinics having everything they need, and if not at least the ability to have a neighboring clinic fabricate the crowns.
4. Exodontia: every Army dentist is credentialed to take out teeth, and you can request surgical extraction privileges straight out of school too. You will get good training doing this in any residency since there is a need in the Army, but anyone motivated to take out teeth can do so.
I've heard really great things from people who did the 1yr, the only downside being the extra year you'll be in if you plan on doing the minimum ADSO. The learning experience in both the 1yr and 2yr residencies will vary location-to-location and depending on the director / needs of that post. However, the trend seems to be people like the 1yr way more than the 2yr. One year grads have done full mouth reconstructions, lots of endo, and taken out full bony thirds. I regularly hear that you do more clinical dentistry and get better hands on experience in the 1yr residency than the 2yr - literally more hours spent treating patients in 1yr vs 2. This is because the 2yr has a HUGE didactic component with a ton of lectures, boards, lab work, and an epic amount of paperwork - there are a lot of hurdles that need jumping though to get those extra skills and credentials.
At the end of the day while you might want to be that super-dentist (and the Bravo program can mostly get you there) the Bravo program exists to serve the Army as a pipeline for its future leaders, clinic OICs, 1yr program directors, and dentists that can be the only guy at a clinic or a FOB. A Bravo can do a ton of procedures, don't get me wrong, but they often end up in leadership roles that drastically cut into chair time.