Why are calcium channel blockers (CCB) contra-indicated in congestive heart failure, while beta-blockers aren't?
I understand that CCB may worsen the situation with a significant drop in cardiac output (CO), since they're negative inotropes and can further deteriorate the cardiac function...
How can we explain the presence of hyponatriuria in patient with cronich heart failure since, in this case, there usually is hyponatriemia? The question is: how can these two be compatible with each other? I know there is an RAA and ADH activation but I used to think the ADH system activation...
How to differentiate between:
1. Hypertension causing hypertrophy and eventual heart failure and congestion
and
2. congestive heart failure for another reason causing decreased renal blood flow and increased RAAS leading to HTN?
I came by a Q in UW (qid: 1532) where they show a patient...
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